2019年甘肃省静宁县流行性乙型脑炎流行区媒介蚊虫综合防控模式及效果评价研究  

Integrated mosquito prevention and control package and efficacy evaluation in the endemic area of Japanese encephalitis in Jingning county of Gansu province,China,2019

作　　者：孟凤霞[1] 孙养信[2] 吴照[3] 吴海霞[1] 赵春春 贾玉新[3] 李治平[3] 毛文秀 伦辛畅 张鹏举 阎峻[5] 吕文[2] 丘柳玉 刘起勇[1] MENG Feng-xia;SUN Yang-xin;WU Zhao;WU Hai-xia;ZHAO Chun-chun;JIA Yu-xin;LI Zhi-ping;MAO Wen-xiu;LUN Xin-chang;ZHANG Peng-ju;YAN Jun;LYU Wen;QIU Liu-yu;LIU Qi-yong(State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Department of Vector Biology and Control,National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management,Beijing 102206,China;Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China;Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;Jingning Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jingning,Gansu 743400,China;Pingliang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Pingliang,Gansu 744000,China;China Health Pest Control Association,Beijing 101101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室,传染病预防控制国家重点实验室,WHO媒介生物监测与管理合作中心,北京102206 [2]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054 [3]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,甘肃兰州730000 [4]静宁县疾病预防控制中心,甘肃静宁743400 [5]平凉市疾病预防控制中心,甘肃平凉744000 [6]中国卫生有害生物防制协会,北京101101

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2021年第2期144-149,共6页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10101002-002);中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所公共卫生突发应急反应机制运行项目(131031102000180007);中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所国家病媒生物及其传播疾病监测预警平台建设项目。

摘　　要：目的作为2019年一项健康扶贫与公益活动,通过在甘肃省贫困地区组织开展农村蚊虫综合防控,落实流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)媒介蚊虫的可持续控制策略和措施,为我国乙脑高发区媒介蚊虫的控制提供参考依据。方法由专业机构和社会组织联合倡议,疾病控制专家现场技术指导,有害生物防制(PCO)企业和志愿者团队现场实施。选择甘肃省平凉市2017年乙脑发病率最高的静宁县八里镇照世村,采用对村民宣传教育、对幼蚊孳生地彻底清理、重点区域使用化学防治的综合治理策略。活动中用诱蚊灯法监测蚊虫密度变化,以评估综合控制蚊虫效果。结果活动得到41家企业响应,19名专业技术人员和37名PCO志愿者组成了志愿者团队。防制前调查发现该村户内积水类型主要为盆景、水生植物、贮水池、缸和盆等,积水阳性率为34.32%,百户指数为85.33;村内及周边外环境蚊虫孳生地以管井及下水道水体、村内明渠及周边污水塘、闲置碗、瓶、缸、罐及废旧轮胎等为主,阳性率为17.31%。防制前监测显示,成蚊总密度为50.33只/(灯·夜),以三带喙库蚊为主,占80.13%,其次为淡色库蚊和中华按蚊,分别占12.91%和5.96%。而在第1次防控后,成蚊密度即降至11.60只/(灯·夜),蚊种构成以淡色库蚊为主,占43.11%,三带喙库蚊及中华按蚊分别占17.24%和5.17%,其他蚊虫占34.48%,平均减退率为76.95%。第2次防制后,蚊虫总密度降为6.67只/(灯·夜),蚊种构成以中华按蚊为主,占42.50%;淡色库蚊及三带喙库蚊分别占17.50%和15.00%,其他蚊虫占25.00%,平均减退率为86.75%,农户减退率达100%。随着综合防控措施的实施,三带喙库蚊构成比由80.13%降至15.00%。通过现场宣传和治理,幼蚊阳性孳生地明显减少,以容器指数为监测指标,减退率为93.24%。结论通过监测、控制、评估的蚊虫可持续控制模式,对传播蚊虫防控知识、降低蚊虫密度有较好�Objective To implement sustainable vector control strategies and measures for Japanese encephalitis(JE) by carrying out integrated mosquito prevention and control(IMPC) in developing rural areas of Gansu province as a health,poverty alleviation, and public welfare activity in 2019, and to provide a IMPC package for mosquito control in highprevalence areas of JE in China. Methods The activity was jointly proposed by professional institutes and social organizations, technically guided by disease control specialists, and implemented by several enterprises and voluntary teams engaged in pest control operation(PCO). Zhaoshi village in Bali town, Jingning county, Pingliang, Gansu province, with the highest incidence rate of JE in 2017, was selected, and integrated management strategies were carried out, including public education for villagers, thorough elimination of mosquito larvae breeding sites, and chemical control in key areas. During the activity, the lamp trapping method was used to monitor the change in mosquito density to evaluate the effect of integrated mosquito control. Results A total of 41 enterprises participated in the activity, and 19 technical specialists and 37 PCO volunteers formed the team of volunteers. Investigation before control showed that bonsai, aquatic plants, cisterns, tanks, and basins were the main containers for water accumulation, with a positive rate of water accumulation of 34.32% and a 100-household index of 85.33. Main mosquito breeding sites in the external environment within and around the village included pipe wells, sewer water, open channels, sewage lagoons, unused bowls/bottles/tanks/cans, and waste tires, with a positive rate of 17.31%. The results of monitoring before control showed that the density of adult mosquitoes was 50.33 mosquitoes/trap/night, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant species accounting for 80.13%, followed by Cx. pipiens pallens accounting for 12.91% and Anopheles sinensis accounting for 5.96%. After the first time of prevention and control, th

关 键 词：流行性乙型脑炎 三带喙库蚊 蚊虫综合防控 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学] R512.32[医药卫生—基础医学]