2019年北京市地下管井鼠类和蜚蠊侵害状况调查  

An investigation of rodent and cockroach infestations in underground tube wells in Beijing,China,2019

作　　者：李秋红[1] 刘美德[1] 周小洁[1] 付学锋[1] 刘婷[1] 张勇[1] 佟颖[1] LI Qiu-hong;LIU Mei-de;ZHOU Xiao-jie;FU Xue-feng;LIU Ting;ZHANG Yong;TONG Ying(Institute for Disinfection and Vector Control,Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心、北京市预防医学研究中心消毒与有害生物防制所,北京100013

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2021年第2期165-168,共4页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项项目(首发2018-2-3015)。

摘　　要：目的研究北京市地下管井中鼠类和蜚蠊的侵害状况,为科学防治提供依据。方法 2019年在北京市全市范围内选取100个街道,在每个街道随机选取50个地下管井进行监测,共监测4次。鼠密度监测采用盗食法,蜚蠊密度监测采用目测法。使用Excel 2007软件录入监测数据,并进行描述性分析。结果全市地下管井鼠类盗食率平均值为1.06%,蜚蠊阳性率平均值为0.04%。朝阳和海淀区监测到的鼠类阳性管井数量最多,均为28个,顺义区监测到的最少为2个。共监测到7个蜚蠊阳性管井,主要分布在丰台、西城和东城区,分别为3、3和1个。城区的管井鼠类盗食率普遍高于郊区。鼠类阳性管井最多的是污水井,占46.92%,其次是电力井和其他类型管井,分别占26.07%和12.79%。蜚蠊阳性管井主要是污水井、雨水井和电力井。结论北京市地下管井均有不同程度的鼠类侵害情况,城区地下管井的鼠类侵害普遍高于郊区。个别行政区的地下管井有蜚蠊侵害。对地下管井的鼠类防制工作不容忽视,同时也应关注地下管井蜚蠊的侵害情况。Objective To study the rodent and cockroach infestations in underground tube wells in Beijing, China, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies. Methods A total of 100 streets were selected in Beijing in 2019, and 50 underground tube wells were selected randomly in each street for monitoring(four times). Bait stealing and visual inspection were used for rodent and cockroach density monitoring, respectively. The data were recorded in Excel 2007 software, and a descriptive analysis was conducted. Results Among all the underground tube wells selected in Beijing, the mean value of rodent positivity was 1.06%, and the mean value of cockroach positivity was0.04%. The number of rodent-positive tube wells was highest(28) in Chaoyang and Haidian districts and lowest(2) in Shunyi district. There were 7 cockroach-positive tube wells, 3 in Fengtai district, 3 in Xicheng district, and 1 in Dongcheng district. Compared with the rural areas, the urban areas had a higher rodent-positive rate of tube wells.Sewage wells had the highest rodent-positive rate(46.92%), followed by electric wells(26.07%) and other wells(12.79%). The main cockroach-infested wells were sewage wells, rainwater wells, and electric wells. Conclusion Varying degrees of rodent infestation were found in the underground tube wells of Beijing in 2019, more severe in the urban areas than in the rural areas. Some administrative divisions had cockroach infestation. Rodent prevention and control in underground tube wells must not be overlooked, and cockroach infestation in underground tube wells should also be closely monitored.

关 键 词：地下管井 鼠类 蜚蠊 侵害 

分 类 号：R443[医药卫生—诊断学] R384.9[医药卫生—临床医学]