氯甲基吡啶对不同施肥下红壤氮素转化的影响  

Effects of nitrapyrin application on nitrogen transformation in red soil under different fertilization schemes

作　　者：李君 赵曦冉 王鑫龙 吴晓亮 郭嘉鑫 胡钟月 褚贵新 陶瑞 LI Jun;ZHAO Xi-ran;WANG Xin-long;WU Xiao-liang;GUO Jia-xin;HU Zhong-yue;CHU Gui-xin;TAO Rui(School of Life Science,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 312000,Zhejiang,China;Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health,Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院生命科学学院,浙江绍兴312000 [2]污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室,浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第4期1081-1090,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究项目(LGN20C150003);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2020FZZX001-06)资助。

摘　　要：采用室内模拟试验方法,设置不施肥(对照)、单施尿素、尿素+CP(氯甲基吡啶,nitrapyrin)、60%尿素+牛粪和60%尿素+牛粪+CP等5个处理,探讨减量化肥配施有机肥及硝化抑制剂对红壤氮素转化、氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)和氨气(NH_(3))排放以及氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA)数量的影响。结果表明:施用CP处理在培养36天内显著增加了土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量,降低了硝态氮(NO3--N)含量(P<0.05);与不施肥相比,单施尿素或尿素配施牛粪显著增加了培养后第7天的土壤潜在硝化势和土壤微生物量碳和氮含量,添加CP处理较未添加CP处理明显降低(P<0.05);荧光定量PCR结果显示,单施尿素或尿素配施牛粪显著增加了AOA和AOB的基因丰度,施用CP显著抑制了培养第7天AOA基因丰度,而对AOB没有明显影响(P>0.05),CP对AOA数量抑制效应在培养第36天消失;相关性分析显示,土壤潜在硝化势与AOA和AOB均呈极显著正相关(P<0.001);尿素减量40%配施牛粪相比单施尿素显著降低了N_(2)O和NH_(3)排放(P<0.05),添加CP比未添加CP的施肥处理进一步显著降低N_(2)O的排放,但明显增加NH_(3)排放(P<0.05);自动线性模型显示,NH4+-N和pH是影响AOA和AOB基因数量变化的关键因子,AOA比AOB对不同施肥红壤N_(2)O排放贡献更大。综上,CP可实现单施尿素或尿素配施牛粪下红壤N_(2)O减排,但会增加NH_(3)挥发风险。The objective of this study was to examine the effects of combined application of organic manure and nitrapyrin(CP)on nitrogen transformation,N_(2)O and NH_(3) emissions,and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea(AOA and AOB)in red soil.An incubation experiment was carried out with five treatments,including no fertilization(CK),only urea,urea+CP,60%urea+cattle manure,and 60%urea+cattle manure+CP.The results showed that the nitrapyrin addition treatments significantly increased soil NH4+-N concentration and reduced NO3--N concentration within 36 days after incubation(P<0.05)compared to only urea and 60%urea+cattle manure treatments.Urea or urea plus manure treatment significantly increased soil potential nitrification rate and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen(P<0.05)at seven days after incubation,which were significantly decreased by the addition of nitrapyrin.qPCR results showed that urea combined with manure application significantly increased both AOA and AOB gene abundance,while nitrapyrin application significantly reduced the gene abundance of AOA rather than that of AOB.The AOA abundance in nitrapyrin addition treatment recovered to the level in no nitrapyrin treatments at 36 days of incubation.Soil potential nitrification rate was significantly correlated with AOA and AOB(P<0.001).Reduced urea combined with manure application significantly reduced N_(2)O and NH_(3) emissions compared with urea application alone during the incubation,while the addition of nitrapyrin further significantly reduced N_(2)O emissions but increased NH_(3) emissions.NH4+and pH were the key factors affecting the abundance of AOA and AOB gene.AOA contributed more to N_(2)O emissions than AOB in this red soil.In conclusion,nitrapyrin combined with urea or organic manure application could mitigate N_(2)O emission,but increase the risk of NH_(3) volatilization.

关 键 词：酸性红壤 2-氯-6(三氯甲基)-吡啶 氧化亚氮 氨气 荧光定量PCR技术 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]