中国科学院国家天文台太阳物理研究20年  

Research advances in solar physics at National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences

作　　者：颜毅华[1,2,3] Yihua Yan(National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Solar Activity,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院太阳活动重点实验室(国家天文台),北京100101

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第11期1363-1384,共22页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11790300,11790301)资助。

摘　　要：中国科学院国家天文台自2001年成立以来,汇集了与太阳物理有关的创新研究队伍和观测基地,是我国规模最大的太阳物理研究群体,拥有理论研究、观测分析和设备研制等综合优势.20年来,国家天文台成功运行着多通道太阳磁场望远镜和太阳射电宽带动态频谱仪等世界一流的观测设备,研制了全日面太阳光学和磁场监测系统及明安图射电频谱日像仪(Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph,MUSER)等新一代观测设备,正在研制中红外太阳磁场精确测量观测系统(accurate solar infrared magnetic measuring system,AIMS)、我国首个空间太阳望远镜ASO-S(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory)的有效载荷全日面磁场望远镜(full-disk magnetograph,FMG)、米波-十米波射电频谱日像仪和行星际闪烁射电望远镜等新设备.本文着重回顾近20年国家天文台研究人员取得的一系列开拓性研究成果或亮点研究进展,进一步展望未来我国太阳物理界将主要在太阳磁场、太阳射电和深空太阳探测方面进行的重点突破,推动在太阳和日地物理中解决科学难题,包括太阳磁场与太阳周的起源、日冕加热、太阳爆发起源及其对日地空间环境的作用和影响等.In 2001,the National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences(NAOC)was established with the reorganization of the astronomical community within the Chinese Academy of Sciences then.Several solar physics research groups in the former Beijing Astronomical Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences were incorporated into NAOC.During the past 20 years NAOC has successfully operated several world class solar telescopes,including the multichannel solar magnetic field telescope and the solar radio broadband dynamic spectrometers and other advanced solar telescopes.It has developed the solar full-disk optical and magnetic field monitoring system and the Mingantu spectral radioheliograph(MUSER)and other new generation of observing instruments.Presently,the accurate solar infrared magnetic measuring system(AIMS),the main payload of the China’s first space solar telescope(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory,ASO-S)—the full-disk magnetograph(FMG),the meter-decameter wavelength spectral radioheliograph,and the radio interplanetary scintillation(IPS)telescope are under construction.The paper gives an overview for the original or notable research advances made by NAOC solar staff in the past 2 decades,which includes the research of solar magnetic field in the photosphere,coronal hole,quiet region and solar networks,new magnetic field extrapolation method and a magnetic flux rope that existed before a flare/coronal mass ejection eruption that was firstly revealed with the extrapolation method,new magnetic helicity calculation method,the oscillating characteristics of magnetic helicity transportation and the unbalance between the northern and southern hemispheres which presents a new observation constraint and challenge to the solar dynamo model,sunspot bright walls,direct observational evidence of magnetic reconnection in the solar lower atmosphere and ubiquitous tornadoes in the solar atmosphere that may be possible energy sources of corona heating.A large number of unique solar radio spectral fine struc

关 键 词：太阳物理 太阳磁场 太阳活动 太阳射电 太阳活动预报 

分 类 号：P182[天文地球—天文学]