辽宁地区郁金香多年留地栽培退化研究  

Study on Degradation of Tulip After Years of Stationary Cultivation in Field in Liaoning

作　　者：张艳秋[1] 邢桂梅[1] 崔玥晗[1] 杨迪 屈连伟[1] ZHANG Yanqiu;XING Guimei;CUI Yuehan;YANG Di;QU Lianwei(Institute of Floriculture,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161;Landscape Architecture,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院花卉研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第8期71-78,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金面上资助项目(20180551023);辽宁省“百千万人才工程”经费资助项目(201945-37);辽宁省农业科学院学科建设计划资助项目(2019DD051608);辽宁省博士启动基金资助项目(2019-BS-133)。

摘　　要：以"白梦""塞克""逃离"等15个郁金香品种为试材,以留地栽培1年植株为对照,通过对留地栽培5年植株生物学性状和种球繁育的调查,研究了多年留地栽培后不同郁金香品种的退化情况,以期为辽宁地区郁金香品种引进和种球扩繁提供参考依据。结果表明:经过5年留地栽培,"牛津精华"未出现退化现象,开花植株数量增加了100%,株高、叶宽等5个性状指标与对照差异不显著,收获的种球总数为144个,周径≥11 cm的种球数量达到30个;"白梦""塞克""逃离""国王的礼物""比赛"5个品种退化程度较轻,开花植株数量减少了10%~20%,至少4个性状指标与对照差异不显著;"普瑞斯玛""金阿波罗""撒哈拉赛车"3个品种退化较重,开花植株数量分别减少90%、80%和70%,但"金阿波罗"获得的种球总数最多,达到153个;"小黑人""阿波罗""斯纳达之爱""朱迪思""构思的印记""里约嘉年华"6个品种退化严重,其中,"小黑人"和"阿波罗"2个品种种球全部消失,其它4个品种植株矮小,无开花植株。Fifteen tulip cultivars including ‘White Dream’‘Sake’‘Escape’ ect.were used as materials, stotimary cultiuation in field for one year as the control, and the degradation of these tulip cultivars was studied after stationary cultivation in field for years, in order to provide a reference for the infroduction of tulip varieties and the expansion of bulbs in Liaoning.The results showed that after stationary cultivation in field for five years, ‘Oxford′s Elite’ didn′t degrade, and the number of flowering plants increased by 100%.There were no significantly differences between two groups in five characteristics such as plant height, leaf width, etc.,and 144 bulbs were harvested, among which 30 bulbs diameter was longer than 11 cm.The degrees of degradations of five cultivars including ‘White Dream’‘Sake’‘Escape’‘Royal Gift’‘Match’ were less.The number of flowering plants decreased by 10%-20%,and at least four characteristics were not significant difference from the control group.Three cultivars of ‘Purissima’‘Golden Apeldoorn’ and ‘Sahara Rally’ degraded heavily with the number of flowering plant decreased by 90%,80% and 70%,respectively, but the highest bulbs number was recorded in ‘Golden Apeldoorn’ with 153 bulbs.The degrees of degradations of six cultivars of ‘Synaeda Amor’‘Judith Leyster’‘Design Impression’‘Carnaval de Rio’‘Negrita’ and ‘Apeldoorn’ were the most heavy.Among which all bulbs of ‘Negrita’ and ‘Apeldoorn’ disappeared totally, the other four cultivars had shorter plants and no flowers.

关 键 词：辽宁地区 郁金香 留地栽培 退化 

分 类 号：S682.2[农业科学—观赏园艺]