石蒜属植物无性繁殖技术的应用研究  

Research on the Application of Asexual Propagation Techniques in Lycoris Plant

作　　者：赵秀娟 张华通 林秀灵 麦任娣 张煜林 ZHAO Xiujuan;ZHANG Huatong;LIN Xiuling;MAI Rendi;ZHANG Yulin(Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic,Guangzhou 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]广东生态工程职业学院,广东广州510520

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第4期47-54,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省林业科技创新项目(2017KJCX041);广东省质量工程项目《花木栽培技术》省级精品在线开放课程建设(gdsjyt〔2018〕194-jpkc41)。

摘　　要：【目的】石蒜属植物是极具市场潜力的花卉和药用植物,但须解决其种源繁殖问题尤其是种球增殖,弥补石蒜种子常规播种繁殖成活率低、分球繁殖系数低的不足。【方法】通过研究石蒜种子实生无菌苗离体培养、鳞片离体培养、鳞块基底切割繁殖、切去鳞茎1/3后的鳞块基底切割繁殖等4种无性繁殖技术,摸索增殖倍数、生根率、成苗率、生长情况等指标。【结果】石蒜种子无菌苗及离体培养试验,红花石蒜、忽地笑发芽率较高,且丛生芽诱导率、增殖倍数、生根率均高于换锦花、长筒石蒜。鳞片离体培养结果表明,不同培养基对3种石蒜小鳞茎的诱导有较大差异,红花石蒜培养3~4周后鳞片间陆续有米粒状突起并渐长成小鳞茎,而忽地笑比红花石蒜迟10 d左右。鳞块基底切割繁殖适宜时期为花后叶片生长初期的9~10月份,忽地笑、红花石蒜的切割鳞片在25(±2)℃左右、消毒过基质(沙)、湿度60%~70%有利于繁殖成活,成苗率高于90%;切去鳞茎1/3后的鳞块基底切割繁成苗率高于86%,其形成小鳞茎、生根和成苗等比整个种球鳞块基底切割繁殖迟10~15 d左右。【结论】综合各项指标性状表明,采用二分法鳞块基底切割繁殖是石蒜属植物一种有效的、简易的、低成本的无性快速繁殖方法。【Objective】Lycoris plant is a kind of flower and medicinal plant with great market potential.It is important to solve the problem of propagation of Lycoris from the provenance,especially the proliferation of bulbs,which can make up the shortcomings of low survival rate of Lycoris seeds in conventional sowing and reproduction and low coefficient of sub-ball reproduction.【Method】Four asexual propagation techniques of Lycoris were studied,including in vitro culture of sterile seedlings from Lycoris seeds,in vitro culture of scales,basal incision and reproduction of scales,and basal incision and reproduction of scales after 1/3 of the bulbs being removed.The indexes of proliferation rate,rooting rate,seedling formation rate and growth condition were explored.【Result】The results of in vitro culture of sterile seedlings showed that the germination rate,the induction rate of multiple buds,proliferation rate and rooting rate of L.radiata and L.aurea were all higher than those of L.sprengeri and L.longituba.The results of scale culture in vitro showed that different media had great difference in the induction of the three kinds of Lycoris bulblets.For L.radiata,after 3 to 4 weeks of culture,there were rice granules among the scales and gradually grew into bulbs.The culture time was about 10 days earlier than that of L.aurea.The suitable period of scale base cutting propagation was from September to October in the initial growth period of leaves after flowering.The cut scales of L.radiata and L.aurea at about 25(±2)℃,sterilized substrate(sand)and humidity of 60%-70%were conducive to the survival of propagation,and the seedling formation rate was higher than 90%.The propagation rate of scale-block base incised by 1/3 of bulb was higher than 86%,and the formation of bulblets,roots and shoots were about 10-15 days later than that of the whole bulb scale base incised.【Conclusion】The different indexes showed that the binary scale block cutting propagation of Lycoris plants is an effective,simple and low-cost

关 键 词：石蒜属植物 鳞茎 无性繁殖 离体培养 鳞块基底切割繁殖 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]