比喻关系词的专职性和兼职性  

The Specialization and Amateurism of the Metaphorical Relative Words

作　　者：李胜梅 Li Shengmei

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语国际教育研究院/预科教育学院,北京100083

出　　处：《当代修辞学》2021年第3期14-24,共11页Contemporary Rhetoric

基　　金：北京语言大学科研项目(中央高校基本科研业务专项资金资助)“比喻关系词的语义研究及对汉语词汇教学和汉语修辞教学的启发”(项目编号:19YJ010408);北京市社科基金项目“构式语法视角下的汉语比喻结构研究”(项目编号:16YYB020)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从词语表示比喻关系的专职程度这一角度考察,可将比喻关系词分为"专职比喻关系词"(如"好比""如同""犹如""无异于""不啻于")、"兼职比喻关系词"(如"像""是""成""等于")及"临时比喻关系词"(如"相当于""差不多""联想到""想象成")三类。探讨比喻关系词的单义专职性、多义兼职性及临时"挂职"性,有助于更系统、更深入地认识比喻关系词的语义特点和修辞功能。从实际语料出发考察词的"表示比喻关系"这个功能、阐述词的"表示比喻关系"这一义项,具有多方面的学术价值和实践意义:有助于这类词的语义、句法、修辞特点的系统描写,有助于词典编纂、词典释义的系统操作,有助于同义词辨析、对外汉语词语教学和修辞教学。The metaphorical relative words can be divided into three types from the angle of purity that implies metaphorical relations.The first type includes the words with special metaphorical relations,such as"haobi","rutong","youru","wuyiyu"and"buchiyu",etc.,which are monosemes and imply metaphorical relations only.The second type includes the words with amateur metaphorical relations,such as"xiang","shi","cheng"and"dengyu",etc.,which are,on the contrary,polysemes and can be used by more than one meaning.The third type are the words with temporary metaphorical relations,like"xiangdangyu","chabuduo","lianxiangdao"and"xiangxiangcheng",etc.,which are not stable and can be used under certain conditions.Therefore,exploring the characteristics of the words of metaphorical relations helps to contribute to a more systematic and in-depth understanding of the semantic characteristics and rhetorical functions of the word of metaphorical relations.According to the authentic linguistic data,there are multi-faceted academic values and practical significance via investigating the function of words and explaining the meaning of words which illustrate metaphorical relations.Firstly,it is helpful for the systematic description of the semantic,syntactic,and rhetorical characteristics of such words.Secondly,it is meaningful for dictionary compilation and dictionary annotation.The results of this study can also be applied to synonym discrimination,teaching Chinese as a second language as well as rhetoric teaching.

关 键 词：比喻关系词 单义专职性 多义兼职性 同义词辨析 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]