某高硅低镁低品位磷矿硝酸法工艺参数研究  

Study on process parameters of nitric acid process for a low grade phosphate rock with high silicon and low magnesium

作　　者：聂鹏飞 何宾宾 龚丽 彭桦 姜威 朱桂华 王学文 张慧 NIE Pengfei;HE Binbin;GONG Li;PENG Hua;JIANG Wei;ZHU Guihua;WANG Xuewen;ZHANG Hui(National Engineering and Technology Center for Development and Utilization of Phosphorus Resources,Kunming 650600,China)

机构地区：[1]国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650600

出　　处：《磷肥与复肥》2021年第4期7-9,共3页Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1900202-2);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1900206-4);云南省磷化工节能与新材料重点实验室(2019)。

摘　　要：利用硝酸分解某高硅低镁低品位磷矿,含磷、氮滤液经气提或化学法回收氟资源后,用石灰乳中和得到优质磷酸氢钙盐,母液经氨水调配、浓缩后得到全水溶肥。通过单因素实验,研究硝酸分解磷矿时各因素的影响,确定该工序的工艺参数:反应温度为25℃,硝酸用量为理论用量的105%,硝酸质量分数为40%,反应时间1.0 h,搅拌转速为400 r/min。该条件下所制得优质磷酸氢钙盐w(P_(2)O_(5))38%~42%,MER值低于0.08;所得全水溶肥w(N)≥15%,w(Ca)≥18%,满足HG/T 3790—2016要求。该工艺有效利用低品位磷矿,避免硫酸法产生大量磷石膏,经济效益高,环保效益好。A low grade phosphate rock with high silicon and low magnesium is decomposed by nitric acid,the fluorine in filtrate containing phosphorus and nitrogen is extracted by air or recovered by chemical method,then high quality calcium hydrogen phosphate salt is obtained by neutralizing with lime milk,and the mother liquor is mixed by ammonia water and concentrated to obtain full water-soluble fertilizer.Through single factor test,the influence of various factors on the decomposition of phosphate rock by nitric acid is studied.The process parameters of the process are determined as follows:reaction temperature is 25℃,nitric acid dosage is 105%of the theoretical dosage,the mass fraction of nitric acid is 40%,reaction time is 1.0 h,agitation intensity is 400 r/min.Under these conditions,high quality calcium hydrogen phosphate salt with w(P_(2)O_(5))38%-42%,MER lower than 0.08 is prepared;The water-soluble fertilizer with w(N)≥15%and w(Ca)≥18%is obtained,meeting the requirements of HG/T 3790—2016.The process can effectively use low grade phosphate rock,avoid a large amount of phosphogypsum produced by sulfuric acid method,and has good economic benefit and environmental benefit.

关 键 词：高硅低镁低品位磷矿 硝酸法 工艺参数 磷酸氢钙盐 全水溶肥 

分 类 号：TQ444[化学工程—化学肥料工业]