冬季残疾人奥林匹克运动会冬季两项运动项目特点与制胜规律  

Characteristics and Winning Rules of Biathlon in Winter Paralympic Games

作　　者：房英杰[1] 宋文利[1] 朱玉龙[1] 范连军[1] 任杰[1] 何志海[1] 李丽[1] FANG Ying-jie;SONG Wen-li;ZHU Yu-long;FAN Lian-jun;REN Jie;HE Zhi-hai;LI Li

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨体育学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150008

出　　处：《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2021年第3期41-45,51,共6页Journal of Harbin Sport University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项课题(编号:2018YFF0300601);第二批“冰雪运动学”特色学科专项项目(编号:BXYB2005)。

摘　　要：采用文献资料、访谈、逻辑分析等研究方法,对冬季残疾人奥林匹克运动会(简称:冬残奥会)冬季两项运动项目的特点进行分析,提出我国2022年北京冬残奥会冬季两项实现突破的制胜规律,为我国冬残奥会国家队实施更加科学和针对性的训练提供参考。研究认为:(1)项目特点:冬残奥会冬季两项的项目设置、比赛距离、运动员分级及比赛器具等均存在其独特性;耐力、速度和力量是身体素质训练的关键;有氧代谢为主导,射击时呼吸节奏平稳;射击步枪提前放在赛场上,均采用卧姿,射击时心理状态与射击技术的稳定性是核心,视力残疾运动员需提供具有声音信号指引功能的设备;滑雪技术采用传统式或自由式均可,视力障碍运动员可配一名引导员。(2)制胜规律:提高动、静转化能力,提升“准”的技能,发展运动员运动智能水平和过硬的心理素质,具备快速适应比赛环境的能力,重点布局女子项目。This paper puts forward the winning rules for the 2022 winter paralympic games in China,so as to provide reference for the implementation of more scientific and targeted training of the winter paralympic national team.Analyzes the characteristics of biathlon in the winter paralympic games by means of literature,interview and logical analysis,and The results show that the setting,distance,level and apparatus of biathlon in winter paralympic games all have their uniqueness;Endurance speed and strength are key qualities;Aerobic metabolism is dominant,and the breathing rhythm is steady while shooting.The shooting rifle should be placed on the field in advance,and the posture should be lying down,the psychology and the stability of shooting technique are the core.Athletes with visual disabilities should provide equipment with sound signal guiding function;Traditional or freestyle skiing techniques can be used,Athletes with visual disabilities can be accompanied by an instructor;The rule of winning biathlon in winter paralympic games in China is to improve the ability of moving and static transformation,improve the skills of“accurateness”,develop the athletes’sports intelligence level and excellent psychological quality,and have the ability to quickly adapt to the environment and key layout women’s events.

关 键 词：残疾人 冬奥会 冬季两项 特点 制胜规律 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练]