膜下滴灌灌水定额对天津滨海盐碱地玉米植株阳离子含量的影响研究  

Effects of Irrigation Quota under Drip Irrigation under Mulch on the Cation Content of Maize in Tianjin Coastal Saline Soil

作　　者：尹林萍 周青云 张宝忠[2,3] 马波[1,2] 王航 YIN Lin-ping;ZHOU Qing-yun;ZHANG Bao-zhong;MA Bo;WANG Hang(College of Water Conservancy Engineering,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;State Key Laboratory of Simula-tion and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100083,China;National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水利工程学院,天津300384 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100083 [3]国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2021年第5期10-15,20,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51609170);天津市研究生科研创新项目(2019YJSS101)。

摘　　要：以玉米为试验材料,灌溉方式为膜下滴灌,试验通过设置10 mm(FI10)和20 mm(FI20)两种灌水定额处理,对比不同灌水定额玉米体内Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)含量变化,探究灌水定额对天津滨海盐碱地玉米体内离子影响。结果表明:FI10处理拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期玉米根、茎、叶中Na+含量高于FI20处理,FI20处理苗期、拔节期和成熟期玉米根、茎、叶中K+含量均高于FI10处理,2种灌水处理下玉米体内Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)含量变化规律相近;苗期至抽穗期FI20处理玉米叶中Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)质量均高于FI10处理;在根向土对离子的吸收选择过程中,玉米对K+和Mg^(2+)的吸收选择能力高于Ca^(2+);在根向茎对的离子运输选择过程中,玉米主要通过K+抑制Na+;在茎向叶的离子运输过程中,玉米主要通过Ca^(2+)抑制Na+。综合分析试验结果,可知高灌水定额处理下玉米体内Na+含量较低,K+含量较高,有利于玉米干物质的积累,该研究可为合理确定天津滨海盐碱地种植玉米的灌溉制度提供理论依据。To investigate the effect of irrigation quota on the ion in the maize in Tianjin coastal saline alkali land,maize is used for the comparison of changes in Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)contents.The drip irrigation under the mulch technique and two kinds of irrigation quotas treatments of 10 mm(FI10)are used in the experiment and 20 mm(FI20)are set.The results show that the content of Na+in root,stem and leaf of FI10 treatment is higher than that of FI20 treatment during the whole growth period,and the content of K+in root,stem and leaf of maize treated by FI20 is higher than that of FI10 treatment.Under two kinds of irrigation treatments,the Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)contents in maize change similarly;the quality of Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)in leaf of FI20 treatment from seedling stage to heading stage is higher than that of FI10 treatment;in the process of ion selection of soil-to-root,the absorption and selection ability of K+and Mg^(2+)of maize is higher than that of Ca^(2+);in the process of root-to-stem transport of ions,the maize is mainly transported by K+to inhibit Na+upward;in the process of stem-to-leaf transport of ions,the maize mainly inhibits Na+through Ca^(2+).Based on the comprehensive analysis of the test results,it can be concluded that under higher irrigation quota with the lower contents of Na+and higher contents of K+of maize,which provides a theoretical basis for rationally determining the irrigation system of maize growing in the coastal saline soil land in Tianjin.

关 键 词：灌水定额 离子含量 离子质量 吸收选择系数 运输选择系数 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]