不同灌水频率水分胁迫对北疆棉花生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Drought Stress with Different Irrigation Frequency on Cotton Growth and Yield in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：江柱 张江辉 白云岗 加孜拉 肖军[1,2] JIANG Zhu;ZHANG Jiang-hui;BAI Yun-gang;JIA Zi-la;XIAO Jun(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering of Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urumqi 830049,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2021年第5期49-54,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403305);新疆水利科技项目专项经费项目北疆主要作物灌溉试验研究(G201906);自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目(KY2020072)。

摘　　要：针对新疆北疆地区干旱环境,探索因缺水降低灌水频率造成的水分胁迫环境下适宜的灌水方式。本试验设置不同灌水频率,观测不同生育期水分胁迫以及复水后对棉花生长指标的影响,并通过最终产量进行水分利用效率分析,确定复水控制的关键时期。结果表明:合理的灌水处理可以减缓水分胁迫对棉花生理生长的抑制,株型和根冠比更能适应水分胁迫。在苗期水分胁迫有利于蕾期根系深扎(根冠比在蕾期后期各水分胁迫处理较处理CK分别提高25.3%、96.7%、34.3%、-13.1%),增加根系的吸收、合成能力,有利于提高水分利用效率;蕾期复水后的补偿效应较高的株高和提前发育的枝叶,紧凑的株型良好的通风透光条件,有利于水分胁迫条件下营养物质和干物质的积累(各水分胁迫处理干物质在花铃期积累量分别为处理CK的79.7%、60.5%、74.4%、46.1%),为花铃期棉铃的发育提供条件,减轻水分胁迫对棉花产量的影响。在本试验条件下,灌水频率25 d一次能在苗期、蕾期锻炼棉株耐旱能力,增加根系吸水能力,提高水分利用效率;在此基础上,在花铃期增加灌水频率(25~10 d一次)能最大程度的保证棉花产量。In view of the arid environment in Northern Xinjiang,the suitable irrigation methods under water stress caused by water shortage and reduced irrigation frequency were explored.In this experiment,different irrigation frequency was set up to observe the effects of water stress and rewatering on cotton growth indexes in different growth stages,and the water use efficiency was analyzed through the final yield to determine the key period of rewatering control.The results showed that reasonable irrigation could slow down the inhibition of water stress on cotton physiological growth,and plant type and root/shoot ratio were more suitable for water stress.The results showed that water stress at seedling stage was beneficial to root deep rooting at bud stage(compared with CK treatment,root shoot ratio increased by 25.3%,96.7%,34.3%and-13.1%respectively)compared with CK treatment in the later stage of bud stage,which increased root absorption and synthesis ability,and was conducive to improving water use efficiency;plant height with higher compensation effect and early development of branches and leaves,compact plant type and good ventilation and light transmission conditions were obtained after rewatering in bud stage,It was beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients and dry matter under water stress(the accumulation of dry matter in flowering and boll stage of each treatment was 79.7%,60.5%,74.4%and 46.1%of CK),which provided conditions for the development of cotton boll at flowering and boll stage,and alleviated the effect of water stress on cotton yield.Under the condition of this experiment,irrigation frequency of 25 days can exercise the drought tolerance of cotton plant at seedling and bud stage,increase root water absorption capacity and improve water use efficiency;on this basis,increasing irrigation frequency(25~10 days)at flowering and boll stage can ensure cotton yield to the greatest extent.

关 键 词：棉花 膜下滴灌 水分胁迫 灌水频率 生长指标 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程]