夏尔巴人的宗教实践、社会结构与精神气质——对《通过仪式认识夏尔巴人》的讨论  

Religious Practice, Social Structure and Ethos of the Sherpas——A Discussion of "Sherpas Through Their Rituals"

作　　者：央卓 YANG Zhuo

机构地区：[1]中山大学社会学与人类学学院人类学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2021年第1期108-114,共7页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

摘　　要：美国人类学家奥特纳在《通过仪式认识夏尔巴人》中通过对尼泊尔境内夏尔巴人的三个仪式的人类学分析,认为夏尔巴人的仪式体系与其社会结构和精神气质相关,它的仪式体系也是其实践体系。夏尔巴人既通过宗教实践展现出宗教仪式、社会结构与精神气质之间的复杂张力,也通过宗教实践解决三者之间的复杂张力。奥特纳进一步将生活在大乘佛教影响下的夏尔巴人与生活在小乘佛教的泰国人进行了比较,强调佛教的个体主义或整体主义更多地取决于社会本身,而不是宗教本身的教义。The American anthropologist Sherry B. Ortner in "Sherpas through their rituals" through an anthropological analysis of the three rituals of the Sherpa people living in Nepal, she thinks that the ritual system of Sherpas is related to their social structure and ethos.The Sherpa ritual system is also its practice system.The Sherpas not only showed the complex tension between religious rituals, social structure and ethos through religious practice, but also solved the complex tension between the three through religious practice.She further compared the Sherpas living under the influence of Mahayana Buddhism with the Thais living in Mahayana Buddhism,emphasizing that the individualism or holism of Buddhism depends more on society itself than on the teachings of religion itself.

关 键 词：夏尔巴人 仪式 宗教实践 社会结构 精神气质 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]