俯冲带岩浆弧安山岩的成因研究进展  

Reviews on Genesis of Magmatic Arc Andesite in Subduction Zone

作　　者：张晓智 周怀阳[1] 钱生平 ZHANG Xiaozhi;ZHOU Huaiyang;QIAN Shengping(School of Ocean and Earth Science,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学海洋与地球科学学院,上海200092

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2021年第3期288-306,共19页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划“西南印度洋洋中脊热液成矿过程与硫化物矿区预测”(编号:2012CB417300);国家自然科学基金重点项目“南海深海海底铁锰结核/结壳的成因和历史记录”(编号:91428207)资助。

摘　　要：安山岩是俯冲带岩浆弧中重要的岩石类型,其成因至今仍是国际地质学界研究的热点之一。根据安山岩分布的地质背景,岩浆弧安山岩可以简单划分为陆弧安山岩和洋弧安山岩,二者在化学成分和空间分布等方面存在明显差异。自20世纪20年代末以来,大量的研究成果丰富了人们对岩浆弧安山岩成因的认识,逐渐将其归纳为玄武质岩浆输入和安山质岩浆输入2种模型。玄武质岩浆输入模型认为形成岩浆弧安山岩的初始岩浆成分为玄武质,强调分离结晶、同化混染和岩浆混合等壳内过程;而安山质岩浆输入模型认为地幔源区可以直接形成安山质熔体,强调俯冲板片来源的流体/熔体—地幔橄榄岩的交代反应和沉积物底辟等壳下过程。虽然岩浆弧安山岩的成因研究取得了一定的进展,但每一个模型都有亟待完善之处。地幔交代岩的实验岩石学研究、安山岩与大陆地壳形成与演化间的关系、理论计算和模拟的应用等都是未来需要研究的领域。Andesite is an important rock type in subduction zone magmatic arcs.Its genesis is still one of focuses on the international geological research.According to the tectonic setting of the andesite,magmatic arc andesite can be classified as continental arc andesite and oceanic arc andesite,which show different features in chemical composition and spatial distribution.Since the late 1920 s,numerous researches have enriched our understanding of the genesis of magmatic arc andesite,which gradually can be summarized as Basalt-input model and Andesite-input model.The Basalt-input model considers the primary magma of magmatic arc andesite is basaltic,emphasizing the intra-crustal processes such as fractional crystallization,assimilation and contamination,and magma mixing.The Andesite-input model suggests andesitic melts can be formed directly in the mantle source,emphasizing the sub-crustal processes such as the metasomatic reaction between slab-derived fluid/melt and mantle peridotite,and rising of sediment diapirs.Although some progress has been made in the study of the genesis of magmatic arc andesite,each model still needs to be improved.There are many research fields to be studied in the future,including experimental petrology research of mantle metasomatite,relationship between andesite and the formation and evolution of continental crust,application of theoretical calculation and modelling and so on.

关 键 词：安山岩 岩浆弧 俯冲带 岩石成因 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质]