干旱胁迫对玉米杂交种产量及穗部性状的影响  

Influence of Drought Stress on Yield and Ear Traits of Maize Hybrids

作　　者：梁晓玲[1] 刘文欣[2] 阿布来提·阿布拉[1] 王业建[1] 杨杰[1] 韩登旭[1] 李铭东[1] 郗浩江[1] 雷志刚[3] 李冬冬[2] LIANG Xiao-ling;LIU Wen-xin;ABULAITI Abra;WANG Ye-jian;YANG Jie;HAN Deng-xu;LI Ming-dong;XI Hao-jiang;LEI Zhi-gang;LI Dong-dong(Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091;China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;Institute of Grass Industry,Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]中国农业大学,北京100193 [3]新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第2期75-80,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0100201-1);国家玉米产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-57);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-2020002)。

摘　　要：采用开花期自然干旱胁迫法,对自育的107个杂交组合进行耐旱性鉴定评价。结果表明,干旱对杂交种产量影响较大。旱区产量较水区下降48.24%,下降极显著。穗长和行粒数对干旱反应较敏感,行粒数的下降幅度大于穗长,分别为15.07%和9.84%。水区和旱区的产量、穗长、行粒数、穗粗、穗行数均呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.39、0.65、0.39、0.38和0.86。筛选17HT1079×PH4CV、17HT935×PH4CV、17HT1028×PH4CV和新玉108这4个杂交种,旱区产量分别为11654.5、8186.4、8431.5、7731.7 kg/hm2,较先玉335增产67%、17.31%、20.82%和10.79%,增产极显著。水区产量分别为14365.5、16006.8、13928.8和14985.9 kg/hm2,较先玉335增产3.61%、15.45%、0.46%和8.09%。抗旱系数分别为0.81、0.51、0.61和0.52,耐逆指数分别为1.3、1.01、0.91和0.9,极显著高于先玉335,均属一级极强耐旱杂交种。One hundred and seven hybrids(combinations) were evaluated under drought stress during the flowering period in Xinjiang.The results showed that drought had a greater impact on the yield of hybrids.The output under water-stressed was 48.24% extremely significant lower than that well-watered.The ear length and the number of kernels in rows are more sensitive to drought response,and the decline of the number of rows and grains is greater than that of the ear length,which is 15.07% and 9.84% respectively.The yield,ear length,number of rows and kernels,ear thickness,and number of rows of ears under well-watered and water-stressed conditions were extremely significantly correlated,with correlation coefficients of 0.39,0.65,0.39,0.38 and 0.86,respectively.Four hybrids selected 17 HT1079×PH4CV,17 HT935×PH4CV,17 HT1028×PH4CV and Xinyu108 showed outstandingperformance.The yield under water-stressed was 11 654.5,8 186.4,8 431.5,7 731.7 kg/ha,which was 67%,17.31%,20.82% and 10.79% higher than Xianyu335,which is extremely significant.The yields under well-watered was 14 365.5,16 006.8,13 928.8 and 14 985.9 kg/ha,respectively,which increased by 3.61%,15.45%,0.46% and 8.09% compared with Xianyu335.Drought resistance coefficients were 0.81,0.51,0.61 and 0.52,respectively.Stress tolerance indexes were 1.3,1.01,0.91 and 0.9,which were extremely significantly higher than Xianyu335.They were all first-class hybrids with extremely strong drought tolerance.

关 键 词：玉米 杂交种 耐旱性 产量 抗旱系数 耐逆指数 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]