播种密度与氮肥施用量对玉米茎秆抗倒能力的影响  

Effect of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application on the Lodging Resistance of Maize Stalk

作　　者：伍舒悦 李秋祝[1] 李文莹[1] 崔正果 张玉斌[1] 王洪预[1] 崔金虎[1] WU Shu-yue;LI Qiu-zhu;LI Wen-ying;CUI Zheng-guo;ZHANG Yu-bin;WANG Hong-yu;CUI Jin-hu(College of Plant Science,Jilin University,Changchun 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学植物科学学院,长春130062

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第2期117-123,130,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300303-03、2016YFD0300304-02);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20170307008NY、20170307005NY、20190301022NY)。

摘　　要：以宏育236、翔玉998、加美2号为试验材料,田间设置6万、7万、8万、9万、10万株/hm^(2)5个种植密度和纯氮150、180、210、240、270 kg/hm^(2)5个氮肥施用量,研究种植密度与氮肥用量对玉米茎节干物质积累及抗压强度的影响,并与推倒强度进行相关性分析,为玉米密植抗倒机械化生产提供依据。结果表明,密度是影响茎节单位茎长干物重及压碎强度的主要因素,单位茎长干物重随密度增加表现为先升后降趋势,压碎强度随密度增加而降低。单位茎长干重同时受到氮肥的影响,密度与氮肥间存在正向互作效应,当密度大于8万株/hm^(2)时不可逆地降低。第3~5茎节的干物质积累对玉米茎秆抗倒伏能力有显著影响。第3~5茎节单位茎长干物重与第3节压碎强度可作为玉米抗倒性能评价指标,在密植高产栽培管理中,要重视延长下部叶片功能期,增加下部茎节干物质重量。Hongyu236,Xiangyu998 and Jiamei 2 were used as the materials.The rate of nitrogen(pure N)appli⁃cation was 150,180,210,240 and 270 kg/ha.Planting density was 60000,70000,80000,90000 and 100000 plants/ha.The purpose of this research is to explore the rate of nitrogen application and density on dry matter accu⁃mulation and compressive strength of stems at the base of maize,and to analyze the correlation with the thrust strength,in order to provide a basis for the anti-inverted mechanized production of maize close planting.The results showed that,inter-node dry matter increased first and then decreased when density and nitrogen fertilizer in⁃creased,and the interaction between density and nitrogen fertilizer was positive.However,when density was more than 80000 plants/ha,inter-node dry matter decreased irreversibly.Crushing strength decreased when density in⁃creased,and effect of nitrogen fertilizer was not significant.Besides,the 3rd to 5th inter-node dry matter per centi⁃meter and the 3rd inter-node crushing strength could be used to evaluate lodging resistance of maize.

关 键 词：玉米 密度 氮肥 基部茎节 抗倒伏 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]