虾塘养殖对红树林沉积物和间隙水理化性质的影响  

Effects of shrimp aquaculture on the physiochemical properties of sediment and interstitial water in mangroves

作　　者：覃盈盈[1,2] 罗万次 梁铭忠 魏明月 高长颢 郑海雷[2] QIN Ying-ying;LUO Wan-ci;LIANG Ming-zhong;WEI Ming-yue;GAO Chang-hao;ZHENG Hai-lei(Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection,Ministry of Education,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,Guangxi 541006,China;Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian 361102,China;Fangchenggang Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center,Fangchenggang,Guangxi 538000,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf,Beibu Gulf University,Qinzhou,Guangxi 535011,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室,广西桂林541006 [2]厦门大学滨海湿地生态系统教育部重点实验室,福建厦门361102 [3]防城港市海洋环境监测预报中心,广西防城港538000 [4]北部湾大学广西北部湾海洋生物多样性养护重点实验室,广西钦州535011

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2021年第2期357-366,共10页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0506102);珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室研究基金(EREP2020KF01)。

摘　　要：红树林湿地在近海水体营养控制和营养盐循环过程中扮演着重要的角色。沉积物、水体和植被相互作用共同维持其生态功能的运转,了解虾塘养殖对林下沉积物和间隙水养分特征影响对评价红树林生态功能具有重要指导意义。本研究以受虾塘养殖废水排放不同影响程度的红树林(无排放区、直排区、修复区)为研究样地,通过不同生境下沉积物与间隙水养分特征的分析,探讨虾塘养殖对他们的影响。结果如下:1)受虾塘养殖废水排放影响区中(直排区、修复区)红树林下沉积物TN与OM、TP呈正相关关系,虾塘养殖废水直排对林下沉积物具有明显酸化作用;2)NH_(4)^(+)-N是红树林下间隙水可溶性无机氮(DIN)的主要组成形式,无排放区沉积物还原性较强,更利于NH_(4)^(+)-N累积在间隙水中;NO_(3)^(-)-N与DIN呈极显著相关,虾塘养殖废水排放增强了NO_(3)^(-)-N、NO_(2)^(-)-N和DIN的累积效应。研究结果表明沉积物和间隙水的理化性质可作为评价虾塘养殖区边邻红树林生境变化规律的定量指标之一。Mangrove wetland plays an important role for pollution control and nutrient cycling in coastal marine ecosystems.Sediments,waters and vegetation work together and cooperate mutually to maintain the normal function of mangrove wetland ecosystem.Therefore,the understanding of nutrient characteristics in the sediments and interstitial water is instructive to evaluate the ecological function of mangrove wetland.In this study,three mangrove habitats beside to the shrimp pond aquaculture with different influencing degrees by the aquaculture wastewater discharge(nondischarge area,direct discharge area and restoration area)were taken as example,and their nutrient characteristics of sediments and interstitial water were analyzed to investigate the influence of shrimp pond aquaculture on mangrove ecosystem.The results showed that:1)total nitrogen(TN),organic matter(OM)and total phosphorus(TP)have positive correlation in shrimp aquaculture effluent discharge habitats(direct discharge area,restoration area),and the effluent has obvious acidification effect on sediment;2)NH_(4)^(+)-N is the main component form of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)in interstitial water of mangrove.The sediment of non-discharge area was more reductive,and which is more conducive to NH_(4)^(+)-N accumulation in interstitial water.NO_(3)^(-)-N is significantly correlated with DIN,and the discharge of waste water reinforces the accumulative effect of NO_(3)^(-)-N,NO_(2)^(-)-N and DIN in sediment.These result indicated that the physicochemical properties of sediment and interstitial water can be used as one of the quantitative indicators to evaluate the mangrove ecosystem evolution that adjacent to shrimp aquaculture areas.

关 键 词：红树 虾塘养殖 沉积物 间隙水 理化性质 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P76[天文地球—海洋科学]