电子延迟器控制的三级震源叠加技术  

Electronic delayer-controlled three-stage seismic sources superposition

作　　者：刘海平 刘慧敏 王海涛 LIU Haiping;LIU Huimin;WANG Haitao(Coal Geological Geophysical Exploration Surveying&Mapping Institute of Shanxi Province,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030600,China;Geological Technology Limited Company of Shanxi Jindiyuan,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030600,China;Houma Electric Depot of Daqin Railway Limited by Share Led,Houma,Shanxi 043000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省煤炭地质物探测绘院地质与地球物理研究所,山西晋中030600 [2]山西金地源地质科技有限公司,山西晋中030600 [3]大秦铁路股份有限公司侯马电务段,山西侯马043000

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2021年第2期217-225,I0007,共10页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：山西省煤炭地质局科技项目“地震勘探精准控制爆炸延迟器研发”(晋煤地发[2018]12号)资助。

摘　　要：在厚黄土层地表区地震数据采集中,多级延迟叠加震源方法具有先进性,但现今采用机械式打击片或螺旋式导爆管控制震源延时爆炸的方法,存在延时精度低、结构复杂、加工成本高及效率低等问题。使用电子雷管虽可较精准实现多级震源延迟叠加,但由于费用过高而难以大规模使用。文中介绍一种电子延迟技术控制多级震源叠加的方法,并详述地表控制电路(简称高压编码器)和炮井下延迟电路(简称延迟器)的工作原理,构成一种新型多级震源电路延时爆炸控制系统。依托山西M勘查项目的试验结果表明:该系统稳定地控制了间隔1.7m的三级药柱延时3ms的依次精准引爆;在井深、药量、接收排列和覆盖次数不变的条件下进行单炮静校正记录对比,垂向延迟三级震源比平面三组合震源的有效反射波能量强、频带宽、面波弱、成本低;从地震剖面分析,垂向延迟三级震源与平面五组合震源的有效反射波能量和频带相当,成本降低约七八成。因此,为厚黄土层地表区的煤炭和石油勘探提供了一种高效实用的控制多级震源延时叠加的新方法。Multi-stage delay stacked source is advanced for seismic data acquisition in thick loess area.However,using a mechanical striker or a screwtype detonating tube to delay the explosion of seismic sources,there are many problems,such as low accuracy of time delay,high cost,complex structure and low efficiency.Although such delay can be achieved by using an advanced electronic detonator,it has not been widely used because of high cost.In this paper,we introduce a method of controlling the delayed explosion of seismic sources using an electronic delay technology,and give the schematic of the control circuit on the surface(referred to as a high-voltage encoder)and the delay circuit under the ground(referred to as a delayer).It is a new type of explosion system controlled by a multi-stage seismic source circuit.Taking the exploration project in Shanxi Province,we tested the system.The results show that the system can stably control three explosive columns to detonate from top to bottom accurately.The distance between the explosive columns is 1.7 m,and the detonating time differs by 3 ms.Keeping hole depth,charge size,receiver patch and folds constant,from the point of shot static correction record,the effective reflection energy of vertical delay threemagnitude source is strong than that of plane three-combination source in,the frequency band of the former is wider,the surface wave of the former is weaker and the exploration cost of the former is lower than the latter;from the point of seismic time section,the effective reflection energy and frequency band of vertical delay three-magnitude seismic source are equivalent to plane five-combination seismic source,and the cost of the former is reduced by about 70% to 80% on the latter.The multi-stage delay stacking method is useful for exploring coal and oil resources in the thick loess area.

关 键 词：多级延迟叠加震源 电子延迟技术 有效波 能量 频带 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]