黄河刘家峡水库洮河口排沙洞运行效果及库区河道响应  

Operation effect and river channel response of the Tao River estuary sediment discharge tunnel in the Liujiaxia reservoir of the Yellow River

作　　者：乐茂华[1,2] 李永清 付廷勤 张心国 LE Mao-hua;LI Yong-qing;FU Ting-qin;ZHANG Xin-guo(Department of Sediment Research,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Sediment Science and River Harnessing of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100048,China;Gansu Electric Power Company of State Grid,Liujiaxia Hydropower Plant,Yongjing 731600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所,北京100048 [2]水利部水沙科学与江河治理重点实验室,北京100048 [3]国网甘肃省电力公司刘家峡水电厂,甘肃永靖731600

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2021年第2期29-34,共6页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研专项(SE0145B792017;SE0145B362016;SE0145B142020)。

摘　　要：洮河口排沙洞的功能是解决刘家峡水库库区泥沙问题。为优化洮河口新建排沙洞的运行方式及水库调度方案,采用2015-2018年的实测水沙数据和水下地形资料,分析了洮河口排沙洞的排沙效果及库区河道的响应特征。洮河口排沙洞建成运行以来,累计排沙959.1万t,排沙洞排清前期泥沙淤积后可高效地排出洮河实时来沙,实测过程中排沙洞排沙比可达85.4%;排沙洞排沙能够有效减小刘家峡水电站过机泥沙颗粒粒径,其中值粒径由0.035 mm减小至0.015 mm。2015年以来,黄河刘家峡水库坝前段冲刷主要发生在坝前段靠右岸的深泓线一侧和排沙洞附近区域,且黄河坝前段深泓线高程总体变化不大。洮河口附近河床高程显著降低,排沙洞运行既明显扩大了冲刷漏斗的范围,又有效控制了黄河沙坎的高程发展。The desilting tunnel near the Tao River estuary is used to solve the problems of sediment in Liujiaxia reservoir. In order to optimize the operation mode of the newly-built desilting tunnel and the reservoir operation plan,the sediment discharge effect of the desilting tunnel and the response characteristics of the river channel in the reservoir area,were analyzed by the data of observed water flow and sediment discharge,and the underwater topographies from 2015 to 2018. Since the sand sluice tunnel was put into operation,accumulated sediment discharge volume has been up to 9. 591 million tons. After clearing the sediment deposition in the early stage,the sluice tunnel excluded sediment from Tao River reached 85. 4%. The measured sediment median size was reduced from 0. 035 mm to 0. 015 mm. Since 2015,the scour in front of the dam has mainly occurred on the side of the thalweg near the right bank and area near the desilting tunnel. The elevation of the thalweg in front of the dam has not changed significantly,while the river bed elevation near the Tao River Estuary has decreased observably. The operation of the desilting tunnel promoted not only the expansion of the scour funnel,but also effectively controlled the elevation development of the Yellow River sand bank.

关 键 词：洮河口排沙洞 异重流排沙 减淤 刘家峡水库 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]