我国运动员退役安置系统特征、演化及调控机制——基于复杂适应系统理论  

Characteristics,Evolution and Regulation Mechanism of China’s Post-retirement Placement System for Athletes:Based on CAS Theory

作　　者：杨尚剑 YANG Shang-jian(School of Physical Education,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,Shandong China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学体育学院,山东济南250061

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2021年第4期69-81,共13页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于CAS理论的我国退役优秀运动员自主创业支持体系的构建研究”(项目编号:18BTY116)。

摘　　要：借助于复杂适应系统理论,从基本点、结构构成和适应机制等方面分析了我国运动员退役安置的系统特征,在此基础上梳理了我国运动员退役安置系统的演化过程,并进一步提出了系统的调控机制。研究发现:1)我国运动员退役安置系统与复杂适应系统特征契合度高,它由政策制度系统、市场经济系统、社会环境系统以及多元主体系统四个子系统构成,主体的适应过程是"自下而上"对外部环境变化的"刺激—响应"过程。2)根据我国运动员退役安置系统演化过程中的主体涌现情况、系统交互情况、结构复杂情况以及自组织与他组织的有序情况,将我国运动员退役安置系统演化分为起始阶段(1949—1977年)、徘徊阶段(1978—2001年)、发展阶段(2002—2013年)以及创新阶段(2014—)。3)对我国运动员退役安置系统演化进行调控应立足于系统演化的特征与机制,充分考虑不同适应主体的自组织能力以及环境的外部影响,从改变"构建块"的组合方式、增强多元主体的"自适应"能力以及建立新的"标识"等方面建立系统的调控机制。Based on the Complex Adaptive Systems Theory(CAS),the characteristics of China.s post-retirement placement system for athletes is analyzed from the aspects of fundamentals,structural constitution and adaptive mechanism. On this basis,the system.s evaluation process is further analyzed and its regulation mechanism is proposed. This article concludes that:(1)the characteristics of China.s post-retirement placement system for athletes correspond with CAS. The system is composed of four subsystems:the policy system,market economy system,social environment system and multi-subject system. The adaptation process is a"bottom-up"process of"stimulus-response"to changes in the external environment;(2)according to the emergence of the subjects,system interaction,structual complexity and the order of self-organization and heter-organization in the evolution of China.s postretirement placement system for athletes,the evolution of the system could be divided into four stages:the initial stage(1949-1977),wandering stage(1978-2001),growth stage(2002-2013)and innovation stage(2014-);(3)regulating the system.s evolution should be based on the characteristics and mechanism of the evolution itself,and take into account the self-organization ability of different adaptive subjects and the external influence of the environment. The regulation mechanism for the system should be established by changing the combination of"building blocks",enhancing the various subjects. self-adaptation and establishing a new"identity".

关 键 词：CAS理论 退役运动员安置 系统特征 系统演化 调控机制 

分 类 号：G808.192[文化科学—体育训练]