艾滋病护理人员职业防护的管理研究进展  

Research progress on the management of occupational protection for AIDS nurses

作　　者：胡帆 殷桂春[1] HU Fan;YIN Gui-chun(the Second Department of Infection,Tianjin Second People's Hospital,Tianjin 300192,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市第二人民医院感染二科,天津300192

出　　处：《中国城乡企业卫生》2021年第4期37-39,共3页Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene

基　　金：天津市第二人民医院院所级科研基金项目(YS-0025)。

摘　　要：艾滋病是一种危害性极大的传染病,由感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起。艾滋病传播的途径主要包括性传播、血液传播和母婴传播。HIV对外界抵抗力低,通常情况下简单的社交,如拥抱、握手等行为不会造成艾滋病感染。而在临床中,艾滋病护理人员感染的概率会比较高,如被病毒污染的医疗器械造成皮肤刺伤等,可能会造成医护人员的感染。因此,必须要加强对护理人员心理的疏导,避免出现工作时的紧张感,同时医院应该规范在护理工作中的各项操作流程,加强职业防护标准预防,做好职业防护后的规范化处理,降低职业防护不当的发生率。本文对艾滋病护理人员暴露情况进行概述,阐述艾滋病职业暴露的定义、艾滋病职业暴露发生的现状以及流行病学特征,同时分析职业暴露的原因,总结艾滋病护理人员职业防护管理的措施,为护理人员职业防护管理提供理论基础。AIDS is a very harmful infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). The main ways of AIDS transmission include sexual transmission,blood transmission and mother-to-child transmission. HIV has low resistance to the outside world. Generally,simple social behaviors such as hugging,shaking hands will not cause HIV infection. In clinical practice,the probability of AIDS infection among nursing staff will be relatively high,such as skin stabbing caused by virus contaminated medical devices,which may cause the infection of medical staff. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the psychological counseling of nursing staff,to avoid the tension of the work. At the same time,the hospitals should standardize the operation process in nursing work,strengthen the prevention of occupational protection standards,do a good job in the standardized treatment after occupational protection,and reduce the incidence of improper occupational protection. This paper makes a summary of the basic AIDS nursing personnel exposure,expounds the definition of occupational exposure to AIDS,the current situation and epidemiological characteristics of AIDS occupational exposure, analyzes the causes of occupational exposure,and summarizes the measures of occupational protection management of AIDS nursing staff,so as to provide theoretical basis for the occupational protection management of nursing staff.

关 键 词：艾滋病 护理人员 职业防护 原因 管理 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]