航天爆炸减压舱的设计与实现  

Design and Realization of Explosive Decompression Chamber

作　　者：王刘杰[1] 徐水红[1] 王东阳 赵维[1] 逯忠国[1] 王祎然 Wang Liujie;Xu Shuihong;Wang Dongyang;Zhao Wei;Lu Zhongguo;Wang Yiran(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2021年第2期161-165,共5页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

摘　　要：目的在现有减压舱基础上设计实现爆炸减压舱,可用于测试舱内航天服等装备的保护性能。方法以现有载人试验舱作为负压舱,增加小舱作为爆炸减压舱,两舱之间安装快开阀。负压舱预抽真空,打开快开阀,小舱快速泄压模拟爆炸减压过程。结果小舱舱压可以在0.4 s内从101 kPa减压到2 kPa,能够模拟载人飞船快速失压情况。结论该爆炸减压舱试验准备简单、可重复性好、试验成本低,可用于包括航天服在内的航天爆炸减压试验。Objective To test the protection performance of the spacesuits,an explosive decompression chamber was designed on the basis of the present decompression chamber.Methods The present human-rated vacuum chamber was used as the negative pressure chamber,a tiny chamber was added as the explosive decompression chamber,and a fast open valve was mounted between the two chambers.The negative pressure chamber was pre-vacuumed,and the tiny chamber rapidly decompressed when the fast valve was opened,thus to simulate the explosive decompression process.Results The pressure in the tiny chamber could rapidly drop from 101kPa to 2kPa within 0.4s which well simulated the pressure environment in a spacecraft as the window cracked.Conclusion Advantages of this equipment include easy preparation,repeatable in practice,and low cost,showing a good prospect in application of rapid decompression testing in space program.

关 键 词：载人航天 快速失压 爆炸减压 试验舱 

分 类 号：V416.8[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]