激光焊熔宽的超声检测精度提升  

Improvement of the ultrasonic testing accuracy of laser welding fusion width

作　　者：黄治轶 王春生 贺帅[2] 谷晓鹏[3] 董娟 徐国成[3] HUANG Zhi-yi;WANG Chun-sheng;HE Shuai;GU Xiao-peng;DONG Juan;XU Guo-cheng(Engineering Planning and Development Department,Engineering Technology Center,CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130000,China;Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics(CIOMP),Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司工程技术中心工程规划发展部,吉林长春130000 [2]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033 [3]吉林大学材料科学与工程学院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《中国光学》2021年第3期652-660,共9页Chinese Optics

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(No.20190302044GX);长春市科技计划项目(No.18SS016)。

摘　　要：在超声无损检测时,搭接激光窄焊缝接头尺寸较小,采用传统6 dB法对其界面处的熔宽判定存在较大的误差。为了提高检测精度,通过研究传统6 dB法的检测误差来源,采用有限元分析方法分析了激光焊接头内部入射超声波的传播规律和反射回波特性,构建了基于修正6 dB法的激光焊接头熔宽评估模型,并通过物理实验进行了验证。研究结果表明,上板底面的一次回波幅值可作为反映接头内部结构的特征值,当探头中心对应接头内部焊缝熔合线边缘位置时,一次回波幅值的衰减度随上板板厚而变化,据此可根据上板板厚选择衰减度值对传统6 dB法进行修正,从而定量计算接头内部板层接触面处的有效熔宽。实际激光焊接头的超声检测结果证实:采用修正6 dB法求解出的激光焊接头的熔宽与物理实验结果吻合良好,对实际生产中超声检测激光焊接头的精度提升提供了参考。Due to the tiny dimensions of lap laser welding joints,there is significant error in weld width detection when using the traditional 6 dB method.In order to improve the method’s detection accuracy and study its source of error,the finite element analysis method is used to analyze the propagation law of incident ultrasonic waves and reflected ultrasonic echo characteristics inside a laser-welded joint.Based on a modified 6 dB method,a laser welding joint melt width evaluation model is constructed and verified through physical experiments.The experimental results show that the primary echo amplitude of the bottom surface of the upper plate can be used as a characteristic value that reflects the internal structure of the joint.When the center of the probe corresponds to the edge of the weld fusion line inside the joint,the attenuation of the primary echo amplitude varies with the thickness of the upper plate,and the traditional 6 dB method can be modified according to the attenuation degree which related to the upper plate’s thickness.Based on this,the effective weld width at the contact surface of the inner plate of the joint can be calculated quantitatively.The ultrasonic testing results of the actual laser welding joints confirmed that the melt width of the laser welding joints obtained by the modified 6 dB method agree with the results of the physical experiments,which means that this provides a very practical method for accurate ultrasonic testing of laser welding joints in real-world production.

关 键 词：激光搭接焊 超声波检测 有限元分析 修正6 dB法 

分 类 号：TG441.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]