低频振动钻削钛合金板的非线性分析与应用  

Nonlinear Study on Low-Frequency Vibration Drilling of Ti6Al4V Plate

作　　者：侯书军[1] 裴腾飞 李慨[1] 曲云霞[1] 李坤 李凯 HOU Shujun;PEI Tengfei;LI Kai;QU Yunxia;LI Kun;LI Kai(School of Mechanical Engineering,Hebei University of Technology Tianjin,300130,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学机械工程学院,天津300130

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2021年第2期370-376,416,417,共9页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：河北省“军民两用超低噪声破拆机器人”科技项目及国家重点研发项目“便携式复合振动破拆工具”基金资助项目(2017YFC0806605-02)。

摘　　要：钛合金具有比强度高、比刚度高且塑性强等优异特性,这些特点为高精度的制孔作业带来了很大挑战。针对此问题,搭建了振动钻孔试验台,通过对钛合金的振动钻孔动力学试验发现该系统具有明显的硬弹簧特性的非线性振动特征;通过动力学建模与实验参数估计获得了该系统的关键动力学参数和动力学模型;对该动力学模型进行了近共振情况下的非线性平均分析,求得平均方程并得到幅频特性与实测结果定性一致,证明了所建动力学模型的正确性;利用该系统的非线性特性,近共振运行,在较低激励下获得了较大幅度的稳态振动,实现了稳定高效的振动断屑和钻孔作业。结果表明,通过恰当的动力学设计,巧妙利用切削过程的非线性可以使振动钻孔过程更平稳、功耗更低而且孔质量更好。Titanium alloys are widely used in aviation because of their excellent properties,such as high specific strength,high specific stiffness and strong plasticity. However,these characteristics also bring big challenges to the high precision hole making operation. Vibration is proved to be an effective way to solve the problem. In this paper,a vibration drilling test bench is set up. Through the vibration drilling dynamics test of titanium alloys,it is found that the system has nonlinear vibration characteristics like a hard spring. The key dynamic parameters and dynamic models of the system are obtained by dynamic modeling and experimental parameter estimation.The nonlinear average analysis of the dynamic model is carried out during the near-resonance operation. The average equation is calculated and the results show that the amplitude-frequency characteristics agree with the measurements,which proves the correctness of the dynamic model. Based on the nonlinear characteristics of the system and the near-resonance operation,a large range of steady vibration is observed under low excitation,and the stable and efficient vibration chip breaking and drilling operation are realized. It shows that the vibration drilling process is more stable,the power consumption is lower and the hole quality can be better by skillfully using the nonlinear cutting process through proper dynamic design.

关 键 词：振动钻孔 非线性振动 断屑 轴向钻削力 钻削动力学 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH142.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]