航天器着陆缓冲气囊技术发展  

The Development of Spacecraft Landing Attenuation Airbag Technology

作　　者：黄伟[1,2] 竺梅芳 廖航[1,2] HUANG Wei;ZHU Meifang;LIAO Hang(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;Laboratory of Aerospace Entry,Descent and Landing Technology,CASC,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094 [2]中国航天科技集团有限公司航天进入、减速与着陆技术实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2021年第2期1-11,共11页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

摘　　要：文章简述了航天器着陆缓冲气囊的吸能工作机理,介绍了它的优点和局限性,结合数十年来缓冲气囊在航天器上的主要应用情况,归纳了着陆缓冲气囊的三种类型,包括排气式、密闭式和组合式,其中排气式气囊由被动排气发展为主动精确可控排气,并介绍了缓冲气囊的几种拓展应用方向。针对航天器缓冲气囊技术的发展,文章对可靠充气技术、高性能气囊材料及结构成型技术、基于缓冲特性仿真的优化设计技术、缓冲过程精确控制技术以及大载重气囊试验技术等关键技术进行了论述。可以预见,航天器着陆缓冲气囊技术的深入研究对于载人航天、深空探测的发展将发挥更加重要的作用。This paper briefly described the energy absorption basis of the spacecraft landing attenuation airbag technology,introduced the advantages and disadvantages of spacecraft landing attenuation airbag.Combined with decades of applications in spacecrafts,the spacecraft landing attenuation airbags was divided into three types:vented type,sealed type,and combined type in the paper.For the vented type,the airbag has been developed from the passive venting method to the active precision venting method.Besides the applications of capsule attenuation,some extension applications were introduced.According to the development of the attenuation airbag technology,this paper discussed some key technologies including the reliable inflation technology,the high performance airbag materials and structure forming technology,the optimization based on detailed numerical simulation of attenuation characteristics,the precise attenuation process control technology,and the ground test technology for heavy load spacecrafts.It is foreseeable that the spacecraft landing attenuation airbag technology will play important roles in the development of manned spaceflight and deep space exploration.

关 键 词：进入与返回 着陆缓冲 气囊 无损着陆 航天器 

分 类 号：V47[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]