胶州湾海域浮游植物和赤潮物种的生物多样性研究进展  

Advances in biodiversity analysis of phytoplankton and harmful algal bloom species in the Jiaozhou Bay

作　　者：刘淑雅 陈楠生[1,2,3] LIU Shu-ya;CHEN Nan-sheng(CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋科学》2021年第4期170-188,共19页Marine Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类),XDB42000000号;中国科学院率先行动“百人计划”;自然科学基金委青年科学基金项目(41906118);泰山学者特聘专家计划;源头创新计划-人才发展专项-第五批创业创新领军人才研发补助(19-3-2-16-zhc)

摘　　要：胶州湾是我国的一个典型近海海湾,也是近海生态系统的缩影。历史上胶州湾海域赤潮频发,因此也是研究赤潮暴发机制(包括赤潮物种组成、时空动态变化及对环境因子响应)的理想实验场所。迄今,几代科学家对胶州湾浮游植物和赤潮物种开展了长期而系统的调查研究,获得了大量的研究成果。为了系统跟踪胶州湾海域浮游植物群落组成,尤其是赤潮物种的组成变化,本文对近84年间(1936—2019年)胶州湾海域涉及浮游植物调研的54个调查数据结果进行了系统的统计和比较分析。文献共报道了549种浮游植物,包括硅藻326种、甲藻164种、绿藻21种、金藻9种、隐藻9种、淡色藻6种、定鞭藻5种、蓝藻3种、黄藻3种、下睫虫2种、裸藻1种和针胞藻1种。其中只有不到一半(40.29%)的浮游植物的全长18S rDNA序列得到解析,表明分子标记数据库需要继续完善,促进宏条形码分析的有效应用。胶州湾海域的优势浮游植物随时间的推移发生了较大变化,但是报道的甲藻与硅藻物种数的比例没有显著的变化。统计表明,研究者在胶州湾共鉴定到153种赤潮物种,包括硅藻79种、甲藻67种、定鞭藻2种、金藻2种、淡色藻1种、黄藻1种和针胞藻1种。胶州湾海域的典型优势浮游植物均为赤潮物种,包括中肋骨条藻、短角弯角藻、旋链角毛藻、加氏星杆藻、日本星杆藻、星脐圆筛藻和尖刺拟菱形藻,其中短角弯角藻和中肋骨条藻是胶州湾海域的"常驻"赤潮物种。本文通过系统综述胶州湾浮游植物和赤潮物种的生物多样性,为利用宏条形码和宏基因组等方法跟踪研究胶州湾和其他海域的浮游植物和赤潮物种的演化奠定了基础。The Jiaozhou Bay is the epitome of China’s coastal ecosystem and an ideal site for research on harmful algal blooms(HABs).Intensive expeditions conducted by several generations of scientists have been carried out to investigate phytoplankton and HAB species in the Jiaozhou Bay,which has resulted in the publication of valuable investigation records.In this review article,we have systematically summarized the phytoplankton and HAB species in the Jiaozhou Bay through the examination of the results from 54 expeditions over the past 84 years(1936—2019).Cumulatively,these expeditions identified 549 phytoplankton species,including 326 Bacillariophyta,164 Dinoflagellata,21 Chlorophyta,9 Chrysophyta,9 Cryptophyta,6 Ochrophyta,5 Haptophyta,3 Cyanophyta,2 Xanthophyta,2 Katablepharidophyta,1 Euglenophyta,and 1 Rhaphidophyta.Among these,only 40.29%of all species had full-length 18 S rDNA sequence,indicating that the molecular marker database needs to be further improved to promote the effective application of metabarcoding analysis.The dominant phytoplankton in the Jiaozhou Bay varied greatly with time,albeit the ratio of Dinoflagellata to Bacillariophyta species did not indicate any significant shifts.A total of 153 HAB species were identified,including 79 Bacillariophyta,67 Dinoflagellata,2 Haptophyta,2 Chrysophyta,1 Ochrophyta,1 Xanthophyta,and 1 Rhaphidophyta.The representative dominant HAB species in the Jiaozhou Bay include Skeletonema costatum,Eucampia zodiacus,Chaetoceros curvisetus,Asterionella kariana,A.japonica,Coscinodiscus asteromphalus,and Pseudo-nitzschia pungens.Among these,S.costatum and E.zodiacus can be regarded as the"resident"species in the Jiaozhou Bay.Through the systematic statistical analysis of the biodiversity of phytoplankton and HAB species in the Jiaozhou Bay,the present review could lay the foundation for the further study of the evolution of phytoplankton and HAB species in the Jiaozhou Bay and the other ocean regions.

关 键 词：航次调查 浮游植物 赤潮物种 胶州湾 有害藻华 

分 类 号：P745[天文地球—海洋生物学]