国际史视角下德国与波兰奥得-尼斯边界问题的最终解决  

The Final Settlement to the Oder-Neisse Problem between Germany and Poland:A Perspective from International History

作　　者：王帅 Wang Shuai

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学社会发展学院历史系,南京210046

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第3期110-123,共14页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“国际史视域下的两德统一研究”(20FSSA002)。

摘　　要：1989年东西德统一之际,历史遗留的德国与波兰之间的奥得-尼斯边界问题被重新提上台面。德国总理科尔出于国内选举政治以及以承认边界作为换取两德统一之砝码的考虑,不愿在统一前公开承认边界并推动边界问题的解决。波兰因被排除于解决两德统一外部事务的“2+4”框架之外而极力在国际舞台发动多边外交战寻求支持。在英美的有限介入以及法国的持续介入下,联邦德国被迫同意波兰加入“2+4”谈判讨论边界问题、承诺统一后尽快与波兰签署国际法意义上的双边边界条约、在统一前推动东西德议会及政府发表一项承认边界的决议声明。尽管德波双方在边界条约的法律程序上仍然存在分歧,但得益于“2+4”框架下的四大国监督以及两德统一的顺利推进,双方最终在“2+4”巴黎部长级会晤中达成了相互谅解。德波奥得-尼斯边界纷争的本质不是索求领土的零和博弈,而是两个民族如何实现历史和解的问题。With the reunification of East and West Germany in 1989,the question of the Oder-Neisse line between Germany and Poland left behind by history was brought back to the table.Out of considerations for political elections and for the recognition of the border as a weight for the unification of Germany,the German chancellor Kohl did not want to openly recognize the borders and promote the settlement of the border issue before the reunification.Being excluded from the“2+4”framework which was resolving the external affairs of Germany,Poland strived to launch multilateral diplomacy in the international arena to seek support.With the limited involvement of Britain and the United States and the continued involvement of France,the Federal Republic of Germany was forced to agree that Poland should join the“2+4”negotiations to discuss border issues,promised to sign the bilateral border treaty in the sense of international law with Poland as soon as possible after reunification,and promoted the East-West German parliament and the government to issue a resolution on the open recognition of the border before reunification.Despite the disagreements in the legal procedures of the border treaties between Germany and Poland,the two sides finally reached a mutual understanding in the“2+4”Paris ministerial meeting,thanks to the supervision of the four major countries under the“2+4”framework and the smooth progress of the German reunification.The nature of the Oder-Neisse line dispute was not the zero-sum game that seeks territory,but the question of how two peoples achieve historical reconciliation.

关 键 词：波兰 联邦德国 民主德国 奥得-尼斯边界 “2+4”框架 

分 类 号：D815.3[政治法律—国际关系]