甘南亚高山典型森林生境地表步甲的群落结构及多样性分析  

Community structure and diversity of ground-dwelling beetles in typical subalpine forests of Southern Gansu

作　　者：付作霖 杨静 李丹春 丁全定 齐昊 张文宇 FU Zuolin;YANG Jing;LI Danchun;DING Quanding;QI hao;ZHANG Wenyu(Institute of Forestry,Bailong River Forestry Management Bureau,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Bailong River National Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Zhouqu,Gansu 746300,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省白龙江林业管理局林业科学研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃白龙江森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,甘肃舟曲746300

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期47-55,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：甘肃省科技厅自然科学基金项目“白龙江林区鞘翅目昆虫多样性及群落结构动态分析”(17JR5RA058)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究甘南亚高山5种不同典型森林生境下地表步甲的群落结构、分布特征及多样性,探究地表步甲对森林生境的选择倾向,为甘南亚高山区生态环境监测及地表步甲生物多样性保护提供科学依据。【方法】2018-2019年采用巴氏罐法在人工云杉林(RPA)、人工油松林(RPT)、次生阔叶林(CPB)、次生针叶林(CPT)和原始云杉林(YPA)中采集地表步甲,室内对其进行分类鉴定,并对其类群优势度、多样性及相似性进行分析。【结果】在甘南亚高山5种不同典型森林生境下共采集地表步甲2418头,经鉴定隶属16属33个种,其中分属于青步甲属、通缘步甲属、斯步甲属、蜗步甲属和步甲属的步甲数量分别占捕获总数的23.16%,16.33%,13.19%,12.00%和10.42%,共同构成了该地区的优势类群。地表步甲个体数在RPA中最多,在YPA中最少,且RPA生境中地表步甲个体数显著高于其他类型森林生境;在属级和种级水平上,地表步甲类群数均以YPA中最多,RPT中最少。Shannon-Winner多样性指数(H′)和Peilou均匀度指数(J)在各生境类型中的大小顺序为:YPA>CPB>RPA>CPT>RPT;Margalef丰富度指数(D)在各生境类型中的排序为:YPA>CPB>CPT>RPA>RPT;Simpson优势度指数(H)以RPT最高,CPT次之,YPA最低。相似性分析结果表明,CPT与RPA间地表步甲群落结构相似性最高,为极相似;YPA与RPT中地表步甲群落结构相似性最低,为极不相似。【结论】地表步甲群落组成及多样性受生境类型的影响,人工林和次生林地表步甲群落结构组成及多样性尚未恢复到天然林的水平。因此在提倡森林恢复的同时,保护天然林免受破坏是保护地表步甲群落的重要措施。【Objective】This study researched the distribution and diversity of ground-dwelling beetles in five subalpine typical forests of Southern Gansu and explored the selection of forests to provide basis for area environmental monitoring and protection of ground-dwelling beetles biodiversity.【Method】The pitfall trap method was used to collect ground-dwelling beetles in Picea asperata plantation(RPA),Pinus tabuliformis plantation(RPT),broad-leaved plantation after clear-cutting(CPB),coniferous plantation after clear-cutting(CPT),and natural Picea asperata forests(YPA)in 2018-2019.Then,the beetles were classified and identified in laboratory,and their dominance,diversity and similarity were analyzed.【Result】In 2018-2019,a total of 2418 ground-dwelling beetles were collected and identified,belonging to 33 species in 16 genera.Among them,five dominant groups of Chlaenius,Pterostichus,Straneostichus,Cychrus and Carabus accounted for 23.16%,16.33%,13.19%,12.00%and 10.42%,respectively.RPA had the largest number,which was significantly higher than other forest types,and YPA had the least.In genus and species level,YPA had the largest number and RPT had the least.The Shannon-Winner diversity index(H′)and Peilou evenness index(J)were in the order of YPA>CPB>RPA>CPT>RPT.The Margalef richness index(D)was in the order of YPA>CPB>CPT>RPA>RPT.The Simpson dominance index(H)was the highest in RPT,followed by CPT,while the lowest was in YPA.Similarity analysis showed that the similarity in structure of ground-dwelling beetle communities between CPT and RPA was the highest,while that between RPT and YPA was the lowest,which was extremely dissimilar.【Conclusion】The composition and diversity of ground-dwelling beetles were affected by habitats,and those of plantations and secon-dary forests have not recovered to natural level.Therefore,protecting natural forests from damage is an important measure to protect ground-dwelling beetle communities while advocating forest restoration.

关 键 词：地表步甲 森林生境 群落结构 生物多样性 甘南亚高山 

分 类 号：S763.302[农业科学—森林保护学]