儿童婴幼儿期尿不湿使用及对排尿控制的影响研究  

Survey of using disposable diaper in infants and toddlers aged under 6 years and its impact on urination control

作　　者：王一鹤 时伟 汪玺正 亓妍文 刘明磊 李杏 杨静[1] 李一冬[1] 李守林[3] 周蔚[3] 文建国[1] Wang Yihe;Shi Wei;Wang Xizheng;Qi YanWen;Liu Minglei;Li Xing;Yang Jing;Li Yidong;Li Shoulin;Zhou Wei;Wen Jianguo(Pediatric Urodynamic Center,First Affiliated Hospital,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,China;Municipal Maternity&Children's Healthcare Hospital,Xiamen 361000,China;Department of Urological Surgery,Municipal Children's Hospital,Shenzhen 518026,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院,郑州市尿路梗阻与膀胱功能障碍重点实验室,河南省郑州市450052 [2]厦门市妇幼保健院,福建省厦门市361000 [3]深圳市儿童医院泌尿外科,广东省深圳市518026

出　　处：《临床小儿外科杂志》2021年第5期441-446,共6页Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:81370869);国际合作基金项目(编号:82102410002);深圳市“医疗卫生三名工程”项目(编号:SZSM201612013)。

摘　　要：目的调查婴幼儿(<36个月)和学龄前儿童(3~6岁)在婴幼儿阶段(<36个月)的尿不湿(disposable diapers,DD)使用情况,并分析DD使用情况对排尿控制的影响。方法于2017年3月至2017年9月在郑州市、洛阳市、开封市、运城市、深圳市、厦门市对9540例0~6岁汉族儿童及其家长进行调查,调查采用不记名问卷的形式,并按儿童年龄分组(<36个月儿童归入组1,3~6岁儿童归入组2)后对结果进行整理。采用SPSS 21.0进行统计学分析,比较两组间DD使用率、排尿训练率及其变化趋势,分析影响儿童排尿控制的因素。结果问卷实际回收率为86.84%(8285/9540)。组1中现在或曾经用过DD的人数占93.16%(2369/2543),组2中3岁前有90.60%(5202/5742)的人曾使用过DD,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在组2中,3岁时能做到日间排尿控制的人数在使用和未使用DD的儿童中占比分别为85.41%(503/540)和93.07%(4442/5202),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);进行排尿训练和未进行排尿训练的儿童能做到日间排尿控制比例分别为86.76%(4705/5423)和75.24%(240/319),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,使用DD是导致日间排尿控制不佳的危险因素,而进行排尿训练是日间排尿控制的保护因素。组1中2岁后接受排尿训练比例为14.02%(174/1241),明显高于组2的4.98%(286/5742);18月龄之前未接受排尿训练的比例为19.49%(319/1637),明显高于组2的8.86%(509/5742);二者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论尿不湿的使用会延长婴幼儿日间控尿的发育时间,不利于儿童的成长发育,社会应当更加重视宣传合理使用尿不湿,并尽早开展排尿训练。Objective To explore the effect of using disposable diaper(DD)upon urinary control in infants(<36 months)and preschool children(3 to 6 years).Methods From March 2017 to September 2017,a total of 9,540 Han children aged 0-6 were surveyed in 6 domestic cities of Zhengzhou,Luoyang,Kaifeng,Yuncheng,Shenzhen and Xiamen.Based upon age,the results were grouped into group 1(<36 months)and group 2(3 to 6 years).SPSS 21.0 was employed for statistical analysis.The rates of DD and urinary training and their changes were compared between two groups.And the influencing factors of urinary control were analyzed.Results The actual recovery rate of the questionnaire was 86.84%(8285/9540).And 93.16%(2369/2543)of infants aged under 36 months used DD while 90.60%(5202/5742)of preschool children aged under 3 years did so.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In group 2,the proportion of children with and without DD for daytime urinary control at an age of 3 years was 85.41%(503/540)and 93.07%(4442/5202)respectively and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The proportion of daytime urinary control among children with and without urination training was 86.76%(4705/5423)and 75.24%(240/319)respectively and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that using DD was a risk factor for poor daytime urinary control and urinary training acted as a protective factor for daytime urinary control.The proportion of those receiving urinary training after 2 years was in group 1 and it was significantly higher than group 2[14.02%(174/1241)vs.4.98%(286/5742)];the proportion of receiving no urinary training before an age of 18 months was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2[19.49%(319/1637)vs.8.86%(509/5742)].The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Using DD prolongs the developmental time of daytime urinary control for infants and children and it is not conducive to their growth and development.Rational use of DD and early urinary training sho

关 键 词：排尿/生理学 排便训练/方法 排尿障碍/预防和控制 调查和问卷 婴儿 

分 类 号：R694.53[医药卫生—泌尿科学] R181.13[医药卫生—外科学]