麻雀身体大小的性二态和基于身体量度的性别判定  

Sexual Size Dimorphism and Body Measurement Based Sex Identification of Eurasian Tree Sparrow

作　　者：史红全[1] 柏军鹏 范俊功 SHI Hongquan;BAI Junpeng;FAN Jungong(College of Life Science & Technology, Longdong University, Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, Qingyang, Gansu Province 745000, China;School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100089, China)

机构地区：[1]陇东学院生命科学与技术学院,甘肃省陇东生物资源保护利用与生态修复重点实验室,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]南昌大学生命科学学院,南昌330031 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《四川动物》2021年第3期261-269,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：陇东学院博士启动基金项目(XYBY1201);陇东学院青年基金项目(XYZK1012);国家自然科学基金项目(31160085)。

摘　　要：身体大小的性二态是鸟类中较为普遍的现象。性二态的研究是理解性选择的关键,也能为性二态鸟类的野外快速性别判定提供依据。麻雀Passer montanus通常被认为是一种性单态鸟类,野外很难通过外在特征识别性别,有关麻雀性二态和性别判定的研究很少。2017—2018年每年的1—3月,在甘肃省庆阳市陇东学院校园内用雾网捕捉到67只麻雀成鸟,并测量了这些麻雀的10个身体量度。通过观察生殖腺鉴定了性别,确定为31只雄鸟和36只雌鸟。结果发现,总体上麻雀身体量度存在显著的两性差异(MANOVA:Pillai's Trace=0.492,F_(10,56)=5.426,P<0.001),雄鸟的全长、尾长、翅长、跗跖长和中趾长显著大于雌鸟(t-test:P<0.05)。利用这5个身体量度变量构建判别方程来判定麻雀性别,发现:在所有的单变量判别方程中,翅长构建的判别方程具有最高的性别判定准确率,达77.6%;由5个身体量度变量构建的典型判别方程,性别判定准确率为82.1%;而由全长和翅长构建的逐步判别方程,性别判定准确率为79.1%。麻雀存在身体大小的性二态,而这使得野外通过测量身体量度构建判别方程能较容易、准确地判定麻雀的性别。Sexual size dimorphism is commonplace in birds.Study on sexual size dimorphism is the key to understand sexual selection and can provide the basis for quick sex determination of sexually monomorphic birds in the field.Eurasian tree sparrow(Passer montanus)is typically considered as a sexually monomorphic bird and the sexes of which are difficult to be identified.However,few studies have been conducted on the sexual dimorphism and sex determination of P.montanus.In this study,10 body measurements of 67 P.montanus individuals captured by mist nets in Longdong University,Qingyang City(Gansu Province)from January to March in 2017 and 2018 were measured.The sexes of P.montanus were determined by observing the gonads,and 31 males and 36 females were identified.The intersexual differences on body size measurements were further evaluated and the result showed that,there was significant difference in body measurements between the sexes(MANOVA:Pillai's Trace=0.492,F_(10,56)=5.426,P<0.001)of P.montanus,and the body measurements(total length,tail length,wing length,tarsus length and middle toe length)were significantly greater in males than in females(t-test:P<0.05).By constructing the discriminant equations using body measurements that were significantly different between sexes,we found that the wing length-based equation had the highest accuracy(77.6%)to identify the sex of P.montanus in all univariate discriminant analysis.The accuracy of sex determination is 82.1%,as determined by canonical discriminant equation consists of all 5 variables,and is 79.1%by stepwise discriminant equation consists of 2 body measurements(wing length and total length).Our results showed that sexual size dimorphism exists in P.montanus,and this finding suggests that the sex of P.montanus individuals can be identified by constructing the discriminant equations based on the body measurements that can be easily measured in the field.

关 键 词：麻雀 性单态鸟类 身体大小的性二态 性别判定 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学] Q959.7