乌鲁木齐市不同生境繁殖期的鸟类群落多样性及功能集团分析  

Diversity and Functional Guild of Bird Community in Different Habitats During Breeding Season in Urumqi

作　　者：殷梦圆 丁鹏 阴俊齐 伊剑峰 时磊[1] YIN Mengyuan;DING Peng;YIN Junqi;YI Jianfeng;SHI Lei(College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;National Environmental Protection Science Observation and Research Station of Junggar Desert Oasis Crisscross Area, Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆环境保护科学研究院国家环境保护准噶尔荒漠绿洲交错区科学观测研究站,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《四川动物》2021年第3期328-343,共16页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性保护专项;公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203041)。

摘　　要：2016—2019年对乌鲁木齐市7种生境(高寒草甸、针叶林-灌丛、草原、农田、荒漠、湿地和城市公园)的繁殖期鸟类进行实地调查。共记录鸟类178种,隶属19目45科,其中雀形目Passeriformes最具代表性,共86种(占48.3%);居留型以夏候鸟和留鸟为主,共153种(占86.0%);分布型以古北型为主,共82种(占46.1%);珍稀濒危和重点保护物种共33种(占18.5%)。鸟类群落物种数及个体数最多的为湿地生境,荒漠、针叶林-灌丛生境次之,各生境物种数(H=30.628,P<0.001)存在显著性差异。湿地生境鸟类的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高,高寒草甸生境的最低;草原生境的Pielou均匀度指数最高,高寒草甸生境的最低;高寒草甸生境的Simpson优势度指数最高,草原生境的最低;针叶林-灌丛生境的物种丰富度指数最高,荒漠生境的最低。草原与针叶林-灌丛生境之间的Sorensen相似性系数最高(0.59),高寒草甸与荒漠之间的最低(0)。湿地生境鸟类群落的捕食集团以食虫性为主,其他生境以杂食性为主。湿地生境中鸟类营地面巢的居多,高寒草甸生境中鸟类营洞巢的居多,其他生境中鸟类营编织巢的居多。上述结果表明,乌鲁木齐市周围的湿地生境应该得到优先保护。From 2016 to 2019,a field survey on bird communities was conducted in 7 different habitats(alpine meadow,coniferous forest and shrub,grassland,farmland,desert,wetland and urban park)during the breeding season in Urumqi.A total of 185 bird species belonging to 19 orders and 45 families were recorded,and Passeriformes was found to be the most representative species(n=86,48.3%).Additionally,153 species(86.0%)were summer visitors and residents.The distribution pattern was dominated by Palaearctic birds(n=82,46.1%).There were also 33(18.5%)rare and endangered species and nationally key protected species.The species and individual numbers of birds in wetland habitats were the largest,followed by desert,coniferous forest and shrub,and there were significant differences among the numbers of species in each habitat(H=30.628,P<0.001).Wetland had the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index of bird species,while alpine meadow had the lowest.Grassland had the highest Pielou evenness index but the lowest Simpson dominance index.Alpine meadow had the lowest Pielou evenness index but the highest Simpson dominance index.Coniferous forest and shrub habitats had the highest species richness index,while desert had the lowest.Sorensen's similarity coefficient between grassland and coniferous forest-shrub habitats was the highest(0.59),while the lowest(0)was between alpine meadow and desert.The foraging guild of bird communities in wetland was mainly insectivores,while omnivores were the main food source of birds in other habitats.Birds in wetland habitats were mostly ground-nesting,in alpine meadow habitats were mostly cavity-nesting,and in other habitats were mostly woven-nesting.These results indicate that the wetland habitats around Urumqi have the top priority in protection.

关 键 词：乌鲁木齐 鸟类群落 生境类型 功能集团 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]