夏季施钾肥对油茶叶片生长和产量相关指标影响  

Effects of Potassium Application in Summer on Leaf Growth and Yield of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：龙雪燕 杨小菊 杨胜优 李万春 胡玉玲 Long Xueyan;Yang Xiaoju;Yang Shengyou;Li Wanchun;Hu Yuling(College of A&F Engineering and Planning,Tongren University,Tongren Guizhou 554300)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院,贵州铜仁554300

出　　处：《热带林业》2021年第1期35-41,共7页Tropical Forestry

基　　金：贵州省林业厅林业科研课题:油茶春梢养分分配特点与产量关系研究(黔林科合[2020]06号);贵州省科技支撑计划项目:铜仁地区油茶丰产栽培技术与生态评价研究(黔科合支撑[2019]2312号);贵州省科技支撑计划项目:油茶低产林改造技术研究(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y059号);贵州省教育厅平台项目:油茶资质创新与高效利用工程技术中心(黔教合KY字[2019]052)。

摘　　要：在夏季高温季节对油茶施不同水平钾肥试验,以期为油茶夏季施肥及优质丰产栽培提供依据。选择8年生普通油茶为试材,设置5种施钾肥水平,采用单因素随机试验设计,测定相关指标并分析。结果表明:不同施钾肥处理对油茶叶片温度、果皮厚度、2a茶果产量和茶果数量的影响差异极显著;施用100g/株钾肥时,叶片叶绿素SPAD值、叶片含氮量、叶面相对湿度、叶面温度、茶果体积、2019年和2020年茶果产量、2019年和2020年茶果数量、2020年鲜出籽率均达到最大;施用200g/株钾肥时,2019年鲜出籽率达到最大;施用400g/株钾肥时,单籽重、籽含水量、出仁率、仁含油率、2019年和2020年茶果单果重达到最大;茶果果皮厚度最薄。在夏季高温季节以每隔30d施用100g/株钾肥为较好施肥方法。Different levels of potassium fertilizer were applied on Camellia oleifera in summer,8 a Camellia oleifera trees were selected,five fertilization levels were set up,single-factor randomized experimental design was adopted,then the related indexes were determined,comparison and analysis of relevant indicators.The results showed that had different degrees of improvement on the related indexes of tea fruit,leaves temperature,thickness of fruit peel,yield in two yearsand the number of tea fruit were extremely significant applied potassium fertilizer on Camellia oleifera;When 100 g/plant potassium fertilizer was applied,the SPAD value and the nitrogen content of leaves,yield of fruit in 2019 and 2020,relative humidity,leaf temperature,volume of tea fruit,quantity of fruit in 2019 and 2020,fresh seed rate in2020 was the highest;When 200 g/plant of potassium fertilizer was applied,the fresh seed rate reached the maximum in 2019.When 400 g/plant of potassium fertilizer was applied,the single seed weight,seed moisture content,kernel rate,kernel oil content,and tea fruit single fruit weight reached the maximum in 2019 and 2020.In the summer high temperature season,100 g/plant of potassium fertilizer every 30 days is a better fertilization method.

关 键 词：油茶 钾 经济性状 产量 夏季 

分 类 号：S147.22[农业科学—肥料学]