新冠肺炎疫情对贫困地区农户劳动力流动就业影响的调查分析  

Survey Analysis of COVID-19 Impact on the Employment of Labor Force in Poor Rural Areas

作　　者：杨玉影 郝小瑶 聂凤英[1] Yang Yuying;Hao Xiaoyao;Nie Fengying(Agricultural Information Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081 [2]中国社会科学院大学,北京102488

出　　处：《农业展望》2021年第2期19-27,共9页Agricultural Outlook

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA021)。

摘　　要：新冠肺炎疫情这一重大社会公共危机对2020年中国脱贫攻坚以及乡村振兴战略的实施带来了严峻考验。就业是贫困地区农户增收最主要的来源,新冠肺炎疫情对贫困地区农户就业带来很大冲击。通过对西部贫困地区四省七县、"三区三州"和湖北省开展的农户调研,根据收入结构、就业基本特征、疫情对就业的影响等信息,分地区、分农户类型探讨疫情对贫困地区农户就业的影响。从地区来看,全国各地农村就业受疫情影响普遍较大,贫困地区农户本地就业及外出打工均受到不同程度的冲击;从行业来看,制造业、劳动密集型产业受影响更大,扶贫车间开工不足;疫情暴发情况下,农户的风险抵御能力普遍较弱。最后,根据贫困地区农户就业的现实困境,提出了促进劳动力就业的针对性政策建议。COVID-19 pandemic,a severe social public crisis brought a severe challenge to China’s poverty alleviation and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy in 2020.Employment is the main source of income increase for farmers in poor areas,COVID-19 had a great impact on the employment of farmers in poor areas.Through surveys of farmers in seven counties of four provinces in western poor rural areas,"three areas and three prefectures"[The"three areas"refer to the Tibet Autonomous Region,the Hotan,Aksu,Kashgar prefectures and the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang,and prefectures and counties with large Tibetan populations in the provinces of Sichuan,Yunnan,Gansu and Qinghai.The"three prefectures"refer to the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province,the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan province,and the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu province.]and Hubei province in China,to according the information of income structure,basic characteristics of employment,and the impact of COVID-19 on employment,the impact of COVID-19 on the employment of farmers in poor areas was explored by region and type of farmers.From the perspective of regions,the rural employment in all parts of the country was generally greatly affected by the pandemic,and the local employment of farmers in poor areas and their migrant work were affected to different degrees;from the perspective of industry,manufacturing and labor-intensive industries were more affected,and poverty alleviation workshops were under-started;under the outbreak of COVID-19,ability of farmers’risk resistance was generally weak.Finally,according to the practical difficulties of farmers’employment in poor areas,some targeted policy suggestions on promoting labor employment were put forward.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎疫情 劳动力流动 农户就业 外出打工 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F323.6F249.27