无机添加剂改性脲醛树脂胶黏剂研究进展  

Research progress of urea formaldehyde resin modified by inorganic additives

作　　者：李晓娜 李建章[2] 李炯炯 LI Xiaona;LI Jianzhang;LI Jiongjiong(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;College of Materials Science and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京210037 [2]北京林业大学材料科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2021年第3期28-34,共7页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901253);第64批中国博士后科学基金面上资助(2018M642259);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(19KJB220009)。

摘　　要：脲醛树脂胶黏剂在人造板工业中占有重要地位,具有成本低廉、固化迅速、生产工艺简单、原料易得等优点,但缺点是固化胶层脆性大、耐水性和抗老化性能差、游离甲醛含量较高。我国新颁布的GB 18580—2017《室内装饰装修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量》,提高了甲醛释放限量要求,使得以“醛类”树脂胶黏剂为主导的人造板行业受到严峻挑战,因此开发低毒或无毒化高性能脲醛树脂胶黏剂尤为迫切。在胶黏剂中加入添加剂,是一种简便有效的改性手段,可增加树脂初黏性、提高板材预压性、防止透胶、减少树脂收缩、降低游离甲醛含量等。在使用脲醛树脂制备胶合板时,一般添加质量分数20%~30%面粉作为填料,极大地浪费了可食用资源。而无机添加剂如无机矿物来源丰富、价格低廉、工业生产技术成熟和具有吸附性等优点,作为木材胶黏剂添加剂具有广阔前景。笔者根据无机添加剂组成及形态,将脲醛树脂用无机添加剂分为硅酸盐类无机添加剂、纳米无机氧化物类添加剂和其他类无机添加剂(碳酸盐类和稀土类),综述了脲醛树脂用无机添加剂的研究与应用进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。With the advantages of low cost,fast curing,high bonding strength,simple production process and abundant raw materials,urea formaldehyde resin plays an important role in the wood-based panel industry.However,formaldehyde-based adhesives have formaldehyde emission issue,which seriously threatens human health.Formaldehyde is a colorless gas responsible for significant environmental problems and human health hazards like skin and eye irritation,difficulty in breathing,headaches and cancer.Based on these severe damages to human health caused by formaldehyde,regulatory agencies and international standards limit the emission of formaldehyde from wood-based panels,therefore it is desired to develop low toxic urea formaldehyde resins.The addition of additives in the process of adhesive could not only reduce the content of free formaldehyde,but also increase the initial viscosity of the resin,increase the prepressing strength of the plywood,prevent the penetration of the resin,and reduce the shrinkage of the resin.During the fabrication of plywood,20%-30%mass fraction of wheat flour is introduced into urea formaldehyde resin,which is an appalling waste of precious food resources.In order to reduce the cost of plywood and save edible resources,many types of materials have been studied as substitutes for wheat flour,e.g.,chestnut shell powder,bamboo powder,bark particles or hydrolyzed corn cob powder.Inorganic additives,such as inorganic minerals,have the advantages of abundant raw materials,low price,and mature industrial processing technologies.Therefore,inorganic additives have broad application prospects as urea formaldehyde resin adhesive additives.In this paper,according to the composition and form of inorganic additives,the inorganic additives for urea formaldehyde resin are sorted into silicate inorganic additives,inorganic oxide nanoparticle additives and other inorganic additives(carbonate and rare earth inorganic additives).This paper reviews the research and application progress of inorganic additives for urea f

关 键 词：脲醛树脂 人造板 游离甲醛 无机添加剂 木材胶黏剂 

分 类 号：TQ433[化学工程]