某市新型冠状病毒肺炎1∶1配比病例对照研究  

A 1∶1 ratio case-control study on coronavirus disease 2019

作　　者：张晗希 刘芳 肖莎[3] 冯一冰 刘云儒[3] 符哲伟 王璐[1,3] 杨俊 ZHANG Han-xi;LIU Fang;XIAO Sha;FENG Yi-bing;LIU Yun-ru;FU Zhe-wei;WANG Lu;YANG Jun(National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Danzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Danzhou 571700,China;School of Public Health,Hainan Medical University,Haikou 571199,China;Yuetan Community Health Service Center,Fuxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,Beijing,100045,China;Danzhou Municipal Health Commission,Danzhou 571700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心,北京102206 [2]儋州市疾病预防控制中心,海南儋州571700 [3]海南医学院公共卫生学院,海南海口571199 [4]首都医科大学附属复兴医院月坛社区卫生服务中心,北京100045 [5]儋州市卫生健康委,海南儋州571700

出　　处：《海南医学院学报》2021年第10期721-728,734,共9页Journal of Hainan Medical University

摘　　要：目的:对比新冠肺炎的患者和健康人群除接触史、旅居史外的生活习惯、居住环境等特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法:采用1∶1配比病例对照研究设计,将某市截止2020年3月19日的全部14例确诊病例作为病例组,按照性别相同、民族相同、年龄±2岁的配比条件与病例进行1∶1匹配选择对照组。问卷调查的主要内容包括社会人口学特征、生活习惯,家庭环境以及旅居史和接触史等。结果:本研究中病例组为14例新冠肺炎患者,对照组来自该市发热门诊的就诊者以及病例组的密切接触者,进行1∶1配比共选取14例。分析发现,感冒后有佩戴口罩习惯者的比例,病例组低于对照组;有吐痰习惯者病例组高于对照组;在与家人或他人聚餐时使用公筷、公勺的比例,病例组和对照组均未达到50%;病例组喜欢吃凉拌菜比例(42.9%)高于对照组(14.3%);病例组武汉或其他病例持续传播地区旅居史比例(85.7%)高于对照组(14.3%)。1∶1配对分析发现,病例组有吐痰习惯且对照组无吐痰习惯的共计5对,对照组有吐痰习惯且病例组无吐痰习惯的共计1对,OR值为5.0。病例组有感冒后出门戴口罩习惯且对照组无该习惯的共计2对,密切接触者有感冒后出门戴口罩习惯且病例组无该习惯的共计4对,OR值为0.5。饮食习惯调查中,对病例组和对照组在是否喜欢吃凉拌菜、是否喜欢喝茶及是否喜欢聚会的比较结果显示,喜欢喝茶、喜欢吃凉拌菜,喜欢聚会的OR值均大于1。结论:对于传染性疾病,家庭环境、日常生活习惯等差异对感染的影响可能不易被发现。在今后的研究中,可对传染性疾病的病例对照研究进行更全面的调查,为应对新发疫情提供相应的科学依据。Objective:To compare the characteristics of COVID-19 patients and healthy people,including living habits,living environment etc.so as to provide evidence for policy making in disease control.Methods:This study has used a 1∶1 ratio case-control study design,in which all 14 confirmed cases in a city as of March 19,2020 were taken as research cases,and the matching conditions of the same sex,the same ethnicity,and age±2 years were adopted to match the control group at the ratio of1∶1.The main contents of the questionnaire included social democracy characteristics,living habits,living environment,and exposure history,etc.Results:There were 14 COVID-19 patients in the case group.In the comparison of the daily habits,it was found that the number of people in the case group who had the habit of wearing masks after catching a cold was lower than that in the control group.And the number of people in the case group who had the habit of spitting was higher than that in the control group.Besides,the results of the survey on eating habits showed that there was less than half of the subjects used serving chopsticks and spoons when having dinner with family members or others,both in the case group and the control group.In the comparison of preferred food types,6 people(42.9%)in the case group preferred cold vegetables,while only 2 people(14.3%)in the control group preferred cold vegetables.In comparison with the travel history and contact history of COVID-19,12 people(85.7%)in the case group had travel history in Wuhan or other regions,but only 2 in the control group had a history of living in Wuhan or other places.1∶1 paired analysis showed that 5 pairs had the habit of spitting in the case group but had the habit of spitting in control group,and 1 pair had the habit of spitting in control group but had no habit of spitting in the case group,the OR value was 5.0.Besides,there were 2 pairs had the habit of wearing a mask when they went out after catching a cold in control group but not in the case group,and 4 pairs had t

关 键 词：病例对照研究 新冠肺炎 影响因素 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统]