儿童的早期专项化训练研究  

Research on Early Specialized Training of Children

作　　者：王殿国[1] 李娜[1] 秦伟[1] WANG Dianguo;LI Na;QIN Wei(Shandong University of Science and Technology,Tai'an,Shandong Province,271000 China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《当代体育科技》2021年第11期16-19,共4页Contemporary Sports Technology

基　　金：2020年度山东省艺术教育专项课题(项目名称:具身认知视域下幼儿舞蹈创设策略研究,项目编号:ZY20201181)。

摘　　要：随着健康意识的增加,儿童体育参与度提高,但由于对运动的认识不够,儿童运动参与呈现年轻化、专项化趋势,造成了不同种类的损伤和伤害。该文通过文献资料、逻辑分析等方法对不同专项运动员的过早退役现象进行分析,得出儿童青少年体育参与存在早期专项化现象;弊端表现为生理方面导致运动损伤,心理方面产生心理疲劳、倦怠,社交方面会阻碍交际能力的提高;其主要原因是训练的专项化程度与现有的生理、心理物质能量储备不匹配。建议:儿童参加与其能力和兴趣相符的运动;创造机会使儿童体验运动的多样化,并于青春后期开始单一项目的强化训练;合理安排运动负荷和积极性休息,禁止单一化训练。With the increase of health awareness,children’s participation in sports has increased.However,due to insufficient awareness of sports,children’s participation in sports tends to be younger and more specialized,causing different types of injuries.This article analyzes the phenomenon of premature retirement of different athletes through literature,logical analysis and other methods.It is concluded that there is an early specialization phenomenon in children and adolescent sports participation.The disadvantages are physical injury caused by sports,psychological fatigue and burnout,and social aspects hinder the improvement of communicative ability.The main reason is that the degree of specialization of training does not match the existing physical and mental energy reserves.Recommendation:children should participate sports that match their abilities and interests;create opportunities for children to experience the diversification of sports,and start intensive training for a single event in the late youth;reasonably arrange exercise load and active rest,and prohibit single training.

关 键 词：儿童 早期专项化 运动伤害 过早退役 

分 类 号：G80[文化科学—运动人体科学]