鱼类肌间骨发育分子调控机制及遗传选育研究进展  

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON MOLECULAR REGULATION MECHANISM AND GENETIC SELECTION OF INTERMUSCULAR BONES IN TELEOSTS

作　　者：王旭东 聂春红[1,2] 高泽霞[1,2,3] WANG Xu-Dong;NIE Chun-Hong;GAO Ze-Xia(Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education,College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Province Famous Fish Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,农业农村部淡水生物繁育重点实验室/农业动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]长江经济带大宗水生生物产业绿色发展教育部工程研究中心,武汉430070 [3]湖北省名优鱼育种与健康养殖工程技术研究中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2021年第3期680-691,共12页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31872559);国家重点研发计划蓝色粮仓创新专项(2018YFD0900102);国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-46-08);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662018PY035)资助。

摘　　要：鱼类的肌间骨(Intermuscular bones, IBs),又称肌间小骨,是分布于鱼体两侧肌隔中及连接在椎体上的小骨,仅存在于低等真骨鱼类中。随着鱼类的系统演化,肌间骨的数目和形态也发生着由无到多再到无、由简单到复杂再到简单的变化。中国的大宗淡水鱼类都存在一定数目的肌间骨,严重影响了其食用和加工价值。鉴于鱼类肌间骨重要的系统进化科学研究价值及产业意义,近年来国内外水产研究者围绕鱼类肌间骨分子调控机制和遗传育种开展了系列研究,文章对此进行了系统的阐述,并对其发展前景进行了分析,可为肌间骨发生发育分子机制及少/无肌间骨鱼类新品种的遗传选育研究提供基础资料。Intermuscular bones(IBs)are small spicule-like bones existing in the muscle fillet of fish and ossified from tendons,which only occur in lower teleosts.Most of the aquaculture fish species in the world,especially cyprinid fishes,contain a certain amount of IBs,which consequently affects the market value and processing industry of these species.Therefore,understanding the molecular regulation mechanism and conducting the genetic selection of IBs are worthwhile and meaningful for the world aquaculture industry,especially for carp species.Since 1967,more and more studies began to focus on the types,morphology and number of IBs among different fish species.With the evolution of fish,the IBs morphology evolved from simple to complex and then degenerate simple again.The two different types of ossification pattern have been observed during IBs’development,including ossification from posterior to the anterior regions,and from anterior to the posterior regions.Recently,with the development of high-throughput sequencing and molecular technology,a quite number of studies have been conducted and tried to uncover the molecular mechanisms of IBs development.The regulation functions of some genes,such as scxa,osterix,bmps,tnm,had been revealed.Among these genes,the scxa mutations based on Crispr/Cas9 system showed distinct reduction of mineralized IBs in zebrafish,osterix mutations in common carp had short length of IBs.These genes could be used as candidate genes to breed less or short IBs strains in other economic fish species with IBs.The omics data of IBs,including miRNA,mRNA,proteomics and genomics,have been established in several fish species,such as blunt snout bream,common carp,tambaqui,which would be useful to unveil the molecular regulation mechanisms of IBs development.As to the genetic selection of IBs,several technologies,such as selective breeding,hybridization,polyploid breeding,gynogenesis and gene editing,had been used to breed strains with less IBs number.The selective breeding studies had reported the moder

关 键 词：鱼类 水产养殖 肌间骨 发育 分子调控 育种 

分 类 号：Q174[生物学—水生生物学] Q344.1[生物学—普通生物学]