面向山洪预警的干旱半干旱区雨量站网优化方法——以河北省张家口市为例  

Optimization of Precipitation Station Network for Early Warning of Mountain Torrent Disaster in the Arid and Semi-arid Areas:A Case Study of Zhangjiakou City

作　　者：陈沫宇 张占贵 张良 李娜卿 李彦苍 CHEN Mo-yu;ZHANG Zhan-gui;ZHANG Liang;LI Na-qing;LI Yan-cang(School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038;Zhangjiakou Research Center for Hydrological Survey of Hebei,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学水利水电学院,河北邯郸056038 [2]河北省张家口水文勘测研究中心,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2021年第3期16-20,共5页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(E2012402030);河北省创新能力提升计划项目(19456102D);河北省高等学校科学技术研究计划重点项目(ZD2019114)。

摘　　要：山洪灾害已成为我国北方山区易发的自然灾害之一,雨量站网的合理布设和优化有利于剖析降水的真实影响和洪水情势变化的时空特征,提高中小河流域山洪预警(报)精度和防(减)灾能力。以河北省张家口市为例,考虑地形、河网、气象等因素,提出面向山洪预警的雨量站网优化方法;根据现代化水文建设要求,在综合分析区域降水时空分布特征、防(报)汛任务和山洪预警(报)要求的基础上,对张家口市雨量站网进行合理化布设研究。张家口市现有雨量站网监测控制面积约为62.9 km^(2)/站,常年报汛站主要分布在干流地区,洪灾重点防治区内站点布设不足,预警(报)和防(减)灾能力较弱;对张家口市三大流域拟增5个雨量站,优化后站网密度可增加2%~5%。Mountain torrent disaster is one of the frequently occurred natural disasters.Reasonable layout and optimization of precipitation station network will help analyze the real influence of precipitation on the construction of precipitation station network and the space-time distinctiveness of changes of flood situation,thereby enhancing the capacity of early warning and forecasting of mountain torrent disasters in small and medium watersheds,improving the ability to prevent and mitigate mountain torrent disasters.Taking Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province as an example,this paper put forward a method of optimizing the layout of precipitation station network based on DEM for early warning of mountain torrent disasters by taking into account terrain,river network,weather and other geomorphologic and geologic factors.According to the requirements of modern hydrological construction,we comprehensively analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of regional precipitation,flood prevention and reporting tasks and the requirements for warning and forecasting of mountain torrent disasters,and made a rational analysis of precipitation stations in the city as well as their layout.The results show that:the monitoring density of the current precipitation station network in Zhangjiakou City is about 62.9 km^(2)/station;perennial flood-reporting stations are mainly distributed in the regions along the major rivers;there are no sufficient precipitation stations within the key prevention and control regions of mountain torrent disasters,so the early warning and forecasting ability and disaster prevention and mitigation ability are weak.So we propose to add five new precipitation stations so that the density of the precipitation station network in the three major basins will be increased by 2% to 5%.

关 键 词：雨量站网 布局优化 山洪灾害 DEM 

分 类 号：P411[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]