水肥管理对设施黑土茄子土壤硝酸还原酶活性的影响  

Effects of irrigation and fertilizers management on nitrate reductase activities in Mollisols under facility eggplant field

作　　者：侯萌 李思聪 陈一民[1] 焦晓光[2] 隋跃宇[1] HOU Meng;LI Sicong;CHEN Yimin;JIAO Xiaoguang;SUI Yueyu(Key laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China;College of Modern Agriculture and Eco-Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2021年第2期187-193,共7页Soils and Crops

基　　金：黑龙江省杰出青年科学基金“黑龙江省典型地带性土壤微生物群落结构地理分布格局研究”(JC2018011);“十三五”国家重点研发计划专项“黑土区氮磷淋溶的阻控机制与措施研究”(2016YFD0800100).

摘　　要：为了探究水肥管理对设施黑土菜田土壤硝酸还原酶活性和硝态氮含量的影响,本研究依托设施黑土菜田长期定位试验,设置了常规水肥处理(WF)、减肥处理(W80%F)(80%常规化肥+常规水),减水处理(80%WF)(80%常规水+常规化肥),对比研究减水处理和减肥处理设施茄子菜田土壤硝酸还原酶活性和硝态氮含量变化特征。结果表明:80%WF处理和W80%F处理显著影响40~60 cm土壤硝酸原酶活性,与WF相比,W80%F处理土壤硝酸还原酶活性在0~20 cm、40~60 cm土层分别增加了22.0%和33.2%;减水处理在20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层分别降低了5.37%和23.7%。土壤硝酸还原酶活性随茄子生育期延长呈现先降低后增加的趋势,苗期和初果期80%WF处理和W80%F处理硝酸还原酶活性显著高于WF处理(P<0.05)。3个处理土壤硝态氮含量均随土层深度增加逐渐降低,同一土层硝态氮含量表现为WF>W80%F>80%WF。与WF处理相比,茄子生育期内土壤硝态氮含量在W80%F处理中降低了7.91%~31.6%,在80%WF处理中苗期和拉秧期分别增加了9.49%和13.5%,初果期和盛果期显著降低了69.6%和54.2%。土壤硝酸还原酶活性和硝态氮含量相关分析结果显示,仅在40~60 cm土层呈显著正相关,在0~20cm、20~40 cm土层均无显著相关性,表明40~60 cm土层土壤硝酸还原酶活性能够反映硝态氮含量变化。In order to investigate the effects of reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers on soil nitrate reductase activities and nitrate content in a facility vegetable field in Mollisols region,in a long-term experiment of Mollisols vegetable field with three treatments:regular irrigation and chemical fertilizers(WF),80%regular chemical fertilizers+regular irrigation(W80%F),regular chemical fertilizers+80%regular irrigation(80%WF),we analyzed the changes of soil nitrate reductase activities and nitrate content in eggplant field after reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers.The results showed that:both reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers significantly affected soil nitrate reductase activities.Compared to WF,W80%F increased the soil nitrate reductase activities in 0~20 cm and 40~60 cm soil depth by 22.0%and 33.2%respectively,while 80%WF decreased the activities by 5.37%and 23.7%respectively.Soil nitrate reductase activities decreased firstly and then increased with the extension of eggplant growth period.Soil nitrate reductase activities in W80%F and 80%WF at seedling stage and initial fruit stage were significantly higher than that in WF(P<0.05).Soil nitrate contents in all three treatments decreased with increasing soil depth and exhibited an order of WF>W80%F>80%WF in the same soil depth.Compared with WF,W80%F reduced nitrate contents by 7.91%~31.6%during the whole eggplant growth period;80%WF increased soil nitrate contents in seedling stage and seedling pulling stage by 9.49%and 13.5%respectively,but significantly reduced the soil nitrate contents in initial and full fruit stage by 69.6%and 54.2%respectively.The correlation analysis between nitrate reductase activity and soil nitrate content showed a significant positive correlation in 40~60 cm soil depth,but no significant correlation in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil depth,indicating that the nitrate reductase activities in deeper soil reflect the changes of soil nitrate content.

关 键 词：设施黑土菜田 减水 减肥 土壤硝酸还原酶 土壤硝态氮 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]