美国山地开发管制——基于7份调研报告的综述  

Hillside Development Regulation in the United States——A Review Based on Seven Survey Reports

作　　者：李正[1] 裴欣 LI Zheng;PEI Xin

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083 [2]中国城市发展规划设计咨询有限公司,北京100120

出　　处：《园林》2021年第6期10-18,共9页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“北京小西山可持续发展模式研究”(编号:BLX201710);国家自然科学基金项目“基于绘图学的北京小西山道路文化景观遗产的分类、评价和管理研究”(编号:31800607)。

摘　　要：山地构成了全球各地的景观支撑骨架,给城市建设和维护带来独特的问题。随着人口增长,城市不断向不适宜建设的山地扩张,引发地质灾害、水土流失、径流增加、风景破坏、河道淤积和洪涝灾害。美国是最早在立法层面进行山地开发管制的国家之一,陆续涌现了一系列基于多地案例的调研报告,但并无一份报告能够涵盖美国全境。将美国于2020年底前公开发表的7份相关调研报告进行比较分析,综合运用叙述性文献综述法、质性地理信息系统、人员访谈等研究方法,梳理美国山地开发管制的目标对象和实施策略。研究发现美国山地开发管制的核心在于平衡三对矛盾,以相对灵活和弹性的方式促进山地可持续发展。建议横向比较和系统总结中国各地的相关措施,扩展和挑战关于山地开发管制现有知识,助力新时期的国土空间用途管制制度构建。Mountains form the backbones of many landscapes around the globe,posing unique problems for urban construction and maintenance.As populations grow,cities continue to expand into mountainous areas that are unsuitable for building,causing geological hazards,erosion,increased runoff,landscape destruction,river siltation,and floods.The United States was one of the first countries to regulate hillside development at the legislative level,and a series of survey reports based on multiple cases have emerged,but no single report can cover the entire U.S.territory.The paper presents a comparative analysis of seven survey reports published before the end of 2020,and uses a combination of narrative literature review,qualitative GIS,and personnel interviews to sort out the purposes and implementation strategies of hillside development regulations in the United States.The paper finds that the core of hillside development regulations in the United States lies in balancing three pairs of contradictions and promoting sustainable mountain development in a relatively flexible and resilient manner.Finally suggests a cross-sectional comparison and systematic summary of relevant measures in China to expand and challenge the existing knowledge on hillside development regulations and help construct a national spatial use regulation system in the new era.

关 键 词：山地开发管制 区划、土地细分、激励政策 美国 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]