北疆平原荒漠区粮草轮作模式经济效益分析  

Analysis on Economic Benefits of Grain-Grass Rotation in Desert Area of Northern Xinjiang Plain

作　　者：张荟荟[1] 张学洲[1] 阿斯娅·曼力克[1] 梁维维[1] 朱昊[1] 王璐 李学森[1] 靳俊鹏 ZHANG Hui-hui;ZHANG Xue-zhou;ASIYA·Manlike;LIANG Wei-wei;ZHU Hao;WANG Lu;LI Xue-sen;JING Jun-peng(Grassland Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《草地学报》2021年第5期1107-1112,共6页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发(2018B01006-3);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助。

摘　　要：为分析北疆平原荒漠区苜蓿(Medicago sativa)(1年)+小麦(Triticum aestivum)(3年)+苜蓿(1年)和小麦(1年)+苜蓿(4年)2种粮草轮作模式的经济效益,本研究在呼图壁核心试验区开展连续5年的实地调查,比较了两种模式下粮草产量、投入成本、利润和产投比。结果表明:小麦(1年)+苜蓿(4年)种植模式下年均总利润较苜蓿(1年)+小麦(3年)+苜蓿(1年)模式提高18.71%;老苜蓿地倒茬种植小麦的前两年籽粒产量较小麦连作增产25%;小麦倒茬轮作苜蓿后,苜蓿的干草产量呈逐年下降趋势,种植3~4年苜蓿的年均粮草利润为9050元·hm^(-2),是小麦的3.26倍。综上所述,在粮食耕作系统中引入低成本苜蓿,可提高作物产量,增加轮作的利润,解决蛋白质饲料短缺的问题。In order to analyze the economic benefits of two grain-grass rotation modes(alfalfa+3-year wheat+alfalfa and wheat+4-year alfalfa)in the desert area of Northern Xinjiang Plain,a field survey was carried out for five consecutive years in the Hutubi core experimental area,and the grain-grass yield,input cost,profit and output-input ratio under the two modes were compared.The results showed that annual total profit under wheat-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa planting pattern was 18.71%higher than that under alfalfa-wheat-wheat-wheat-alfalfa planting pattern.Grain yield increased by 25%in the first two years of continuous alfalfa rotation compared with continuous wheat rotation.After wheat rotated alfalfa,the hay yield of alfalfa decreased year by year,annual average grain-grass profit after 3-4 years alfalfa rotation was 9050 CNY·hm^(-2),which was 3.26 times higher than only wheat.Introducing low cost alfalfa into grain farming system could increase crop yield,increase crop rotation profit and solve the problem of protein feed shortage.

关 键 词：粮草轮作 北疆平原荒漠区 经济效益 

分 类 号：S344.14[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]