家庭养老、社会养老与农村老年人劳动供给  

Family Supporting for the Elderly,New Rural Insurance System and the Labor Supply of the Elderly in Rural Areas

作　　者：易定红[1] 赵心源 YI Ding-hong;ZHAO Xin-yuan(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国劳动》2021年第2期5-23,共19页China Labor

摘　　要：伴随着中国老年人总体规模不断扩大,养老问题愈加严峻。许多农村老年人,仍需投入繁重的生产劳动才能维持一定的生活水平。较高的劳动供给意味着农村老年人的劳动负担过重,进而会对其健康状况与福利水平产生不利影响。基于此背景,本文研究不同的养老方式对农村老年人劳动供给的影响。本文采用2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)微观数据,通过构建断点回归估计家庭养老、社会养老对农村老年人劳动供给的影响。研究发现:第一,社会养老和家庭养老都会降低农村老年人的农业劳动参与率,并且减少农业劳动时间,但对非农劳动供给影响不大。第二,社会养老政策的外生冲击对农村老年人劳动供给变化的贡献率大于家庭养老的贡献率。最后,本文提出了减轻农村老年人劳动负担以提升其福利水平的政策建议。With the number of the elderly in China continually increasing,the problem of supporting the elderly is becoming more and more serious.Many rural elder people have to be involved in the labor force and participate in the production to maintain a certain level of living.Higher labor supply means that the rural elderly people have to bear a heavy burden in labor,which has an adverse effect on their health and well-being.Under this background,this paper studies the influence of different ways in supporting the elderly on their labor supply.Using the micro data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)2013,this paper estimates the impact of both family and social supporting the elderly on the labor supply of the rural elderly by constructing a fuzzy RD.The results show that both social and family supporting can reduce both the labor participation rate in agriculture sector and the working hours,but have little effect in non-farm sectors.The contribution rate of exogenous impact of social pension policy to the change of rural elderly labor supply is greater than family supporting.Finally,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions with the aim to reducing the rural elderly’s labor burden and improve their welfare level.

关 键 词：家庭养老 城乡居民养老保险 老年人劳动力供给 断点回归 

分 类 号：F249.21[经济管理—劳动经济]