论突发公共卫生事件中的公民知情权——以《传染病防治法》中的信息传导机制为视角  

On Citizens’Right to Know in Public Health Emergencies

作　　者：赵轩毅 Zhao Xuanyi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]德国科隆大学

出　　处：《法治社会》2021年第3期89-100,共12页Law-Based Society

基　　金：中国科协2020年高端科技创新智库青年项目“我国公共卫生法治保障体系的理论与应用研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：突发公共卫生事件中公共权力行使之目的在于最大程度地保障公民生命健康安全,要确保公共卫生应急管理中各项疫情预防与控制举措围绕此目的来展开,就有必要依法保障公民的知情权,在《传染病防治法》中建立完备的信息传导机制。目前《传染病防治法》在信息传导机制的具体规定上仍然存在模糊地带,应当在规范层面重新审视信息预警的主体资格与层级上报的程序设计,以立法的形式强化各级疾病预防控制机构的职责与权限,避免《传染病防治法》与其他法律规范之间的规则冲突。而针对现行规范在信息搜集与披露规则上存在的限制,应当进一步拓宽疫情信息搜集的法定渠道,在规范上明确授予地方各级政府在其行政区域内及时公布信息的行政权能。通过建立透明公开的信息传导机制,对行政行为予以规范与监督,运用比例原则协调个体权利诉求与公共卫生管理政策之间的紧张关系,方能确保公共卫生应急管理中各项举措有法可依,增强政府公信力的同时减少不必要的舆论压力,进而建构以权利保障为导向的常态化疾病预防控制机制。The purpose of exercising public power in public health emergencies is to maximize the safety of citizens’life and health.To ensure that various epidemic prevention and control measures in public health emergency management are carried out around this purpose,it is necessary to protect citizens’right to know in accordance with the law and establish a complete information transmission mechanism in the Law on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.At present,there is still a vague zone in the specific provisions of the information transmission mechanism in the Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,and the subject qualification of information early warning and the procedure design of hierarchical reporting should be re-examined at the normative level in order to strengthen the duties and authority of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels in the form of legislation to avoid the conflict between the Law on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and other legal norms.In view of the limitations of the current norms in the rules of information collection and disclosure,we should further broaden the legal channels for the collection of epidemic information and clearly grant local governments at all levels the administrative power to publish information in their administrative areas in a timely manner.By establishing a transparent and open information transmission mechanism,standardizing and supervising administrative behavior,and using the principle of proportionality to coordinate the tense relationship between individual rights claims and public health management policies,we can ensure that various measures in public health emergency management have laws to follow,enhance the credibility of the government while reducing unnecessary pressure of public opinion,and then construct a normalized disease prevention and control mechanism guided by rights protection.

关 键 词：公共卫生 知情权 疫情防控 比例原则 权利保障 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学] D621.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] D922.16[政治法律—政治学]