《刑法修正案(十一)》的重刑化倾向及其司法限制  

The tendency of imposing heavy penalties and judicial restrictions of the Criminal Law Amendment(XI)

作　　者：欧阳本祺[1] 刘梦 OUYANG Ben-qi;LIU Meng

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第3期29-41,146,共14页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(十一)》对既有罪名死刑不减、增设无期徒刑、加重有期徒刑、削减拘役刑和管制刑、增设无限额罚金刑,体现了明显的重刑化倾向。其理论依据在于对刑罚一般预防理念之过分迷恋,现实依据在于对重大社会热点事件之过分回应,但以上依据均不能解释此次修法的正当性。刑法重刑化倾向既违背宽严相济刑事政策、罪刑法定等刑事立法应有理念,也可能导致司法实践陷入过度刑法化的治理困境。为限制重刑化倾向,刑事司法应当发挥能动作用。一方面,定罪时要目的性限缩入罪边界,坚守刑法谦抑主义,将不值得刑罚处罚的行为排除出犯罪圈,避免不当入罪;另一方面,量刑时要端正量刑理念,区分责任刑与预防刑,限缩重刑的适用范围,避免不当处刑。The Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law does not reduce the death penalty for existing crimes but adds life imprisonment,increases fixed-term imprisonment,reduces custodial sentences and control sentences,and adds unlimited fines,which reflects an obvious tendency of imposing heavier penalties.The theoretical basis for such a tendency lies in the obsession with the function of general prevention of criminal punishment.The practical basis is an over-reaction to social hotspot issues and public concerns.However,neither can prove the legitimacy of this amendment,hence posing major risks of rule of law.This tendency not only diverges from the principles of legislation of criminal law,such as the principle of“tempering justice with mercy”and the principle of legality,but may put judicial practice in a dilemma of massive criminalization.Therefore,to contain it,the criminal and justice authorities should play their role.Firstly,when convicting,we should flexibly interpret the criminal law and exclude behavior that should not be criminalized and punished to prevent inappropriate criminalization.Secondly,the sentencing should distinguish between responsible punishment and preventive punishment,limit the application of heavy penalties to avoid aggravation of penalties.

关 键 词：《刑法修正案(十一)》 重刑化 刑罚正当化 目的性限缩 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]