7种杀虫剂对梨瘿蚊的毒性及其对异色瓢虫的安全性评价  

Toxicity of seven insecticides on Dasineura pyri and safety evaluation to predator Harmonia axyridis

作　　者：滕海媛[1] 张天澍[1] 常晓丽[1] 顾浩天 王冬生[1] 袁永达[1] TENG Haiyuan;ZHANG Tianshu;CHANG Xiaoli;GU Haotian;WANG Dongsheng;YUAN Yongda(Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《植物保护》2021年第3期265-270,共6页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX07205-002-02)。

摘　　要：为了筛选对梨瘿蚊幼虫具有高毒性并对天敌异色瓢虫安全的杀虫剂,采用浸渍法测定了7种杀虫剂对梨瘿蚊幼虫的毒力;采用滤纸接触法测定了7种杀虫剂对天敌异色瓢虫1龄幼虫和成虫的毒力,并评价这些药剂对异色瓢虫的安全性。结果表明,药剂处理48 h后对梨瘿蚊幼虫毒力从大到小依次为2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW(5.540 mg/L)>5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC(10.015 mg/L)>60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC(33.224 mg/L)>2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME(214.644 mg/L)>45%毒死蜱EC(231.876 mg/L)>150 g/L茚虫威EC(401.490 mg/L)>10%虫螨腈SC(404.147 mg/L)。药剂处理24 h后,7种杀虫剂对天敌异色瓢虫1龄幼虫和成虫的毒力测定结果基本一致,60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC毒力最低,2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊EW和45%毒死蜱EC的毒力均高于其他4种杀虫剂。结合益害毒性比和安全系数,5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC和60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC对梨瘿蚊毒力高而对异色瓢虫毒力低,适合应用于梨瘿蚊的化学防治和生物防治相结合的防治策略。In order to screen insecticides with high toxicity to Dasineura pyri and safety to its natural enemy Harmonia axyridis,toxicities of seven insecticides to D.pyri and H.axyridis were evaluated by dipping method and filter paper contact test,respectively.The results showed that after treatment on D.pyri larvae for 48 h,the median lethal concentrations(LC50)values ranked as lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5%EW(5.540 mg/L)>chlorantraniliprole 5%SC(10.015 mg/L)>spinetoram 60 g/L SC(33.224 mg/L)>emamectin benzoate 2.2%ME(214.644 mg/L)>chlorpyrifos 45%EC(231.876 mg/L)>indoxacarb 150 g/L EC(401.490 mg/L)>chlorfenapyr 10%SC(404.147 mg/L).After treatment for 24 h,the toxicities of seven insecticides to the 1st instar larvae of H.axyridis were consistent with those to the adults of H.axyridis,spinetoram 60 g/L SC was the lowest,emamectin benzoate 2.2%ME,lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5%EW and chlorpyrifos 45%EC were more toxic than the other four insecticides.Overall,taken both the toxicity ratio and safety coefficient into account,chlorantraniliprole 5%SC and spinetoram 60 g/L SC had high toxicity to D.pyri low ecological risk against H.axyridis,which are the recommended candidates for the integrated pest management against D.pyri.

关 键 词：杀虫剂 梨瘿蚊 异色瓢虫 毒力 安全性评价 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]