东北典型黑土区土壤侵蚀过程顺坡起垄垄沟水力学特征分析  

Hydraulic Characteristics of Longitudinal Ridges and Furrows in Soil Erosion in the Typical Black Soil Area of Northeast China

作　　者：李坤衡 焦剑[1] 秦伟[1] 殷哲[1] LI Kunheng;JIAO Jian;QIN Wei;YIN Zhe(China Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin,Liaoning 123000)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048 [2]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2021年第3期77-82,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0507002);中央基本科研业务费专项重点项目(SE0145B132017)。

摘　　要：垄沟是垄作长缓坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程的重要汇流路径。明确垄沟的水力学特征,对于模拟东北典型黑土区垄作坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程至关重要。研究采用室内模拟降雨的方法,系统分析不同垄作方式、坡度、雨强等条件下垄沟的主要水力学参数和变量。结果表明:不同垄作方式下,坡面侵蚀量整体为窄垄>宽垄>无垄,并与坡度和雨强乘积呈线性正相关。水力半径随雨强和坡度的变化曲线呈对数关系;宽垄水力半径比窄垄高8.4%~11.6%,平均为10.0%。在坡度和雨强相同的情况下,宽垄垄沟糙率整体高于窄垄垄沟糙率;且在坡度递增后,宽垄垄沟糙率相较于窄垄垄沟减小幅度更弱。已有土壤侵蚀模型的坡面糙率建议取值低于本区实际观测值,需结合实际情况对其重新率定,其结果可为研究区土壤侵蚀过程模拟提供依据。Ridge and furrow are the important confluence paths in soil erosion of long and gentle slope farmland.It is very important to understand the hydraulic characteristics of ridge and furrow for simulating the soil erosion process of slope farmland in typical black soil area of Northeast China.The main hydraulic parameters and variables of ridge and furrow under different ridge cultivation methods,slopes and rainfall intensities were systematically analyzed using indoor rainfall simulation method.Under different ridge planting patterns,the erosion amount were narrow ridge>wide ridge>no ridge,showing linear positive correlation with the product of slope and rainfall intensity.The variation curve of hydraulic radius with rainfall intensity and slope was logarithmic.The hydraulic radius of wide ridge was 8.4%to 11.6%higher than that of narrow ridge,with an average of 10.0%.Under the same slope and rainfall intensity,the roughness of wide ridge was higher than that of narrow ridge.Moreover,with the increase of slope,the decrease in roughness of wide ridge was weaker than that of narrow ridge.There was a significant difference between the recommended values of roughness in the existing soil erosion models and the observed values in this experiment.Therefore,it is necessary to recalibrate the roughness value for erosion process of long and gentle slope cultivated land under ridge cultivation in this area.

关 键 词：东北黑土区 土壤侵蚀 曼宁公式 水力半径 糙率 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]