新疆扁桃表型指标多样性及育种方向分析  

Analysis of phenotypic index diversity and breeding direction of almond tree in Xinjiang

作　　者：李鹏 田嘉[2] 李疆[2] LI Peng;TIAN Jia;LI Jiang(Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agriculture University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100 [2]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2021年第5期29-41,共13页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660562)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明新疆扁桃表型指标的多样性,确定品种选育方向,筛选出具有优良育种性状的亲本。【方法】以14个扁桃品种和野生扁桃为实验材料,通过测定17个果实指标、8个叶片指标及22个花器官指标,运用SPSS 20软件进行了指标内差异显著性分析、指标间相关性分析及品种间聚类分析。【结果】种壳厚度与花药数目、叶面积、叶周长、叶长、叶宽极显著正相关,与花瓣横径、叶绿素含量显著正相关,与柱头高于花药比例显著负相关;种仁质量与千药质量、十蕊质量、子房高度、子房宽度、果实纵径、种子纵径、种仁纵径、种仁横径、种仁侧径极显著正相关,与双花比例、花芽质量、花粉活力、裂口宽、叶柄长显著正相关,与花冠纵径显著负相关;双仁率与花冠直径、花瓣横径显著负相关;出仁率与柱头高于花药比例显著正相关,与花梗长显著负相关。聚类结果发现野生扁桃、‘桃巴旦2’分别为一组;‘小桃巴旦’‘甜仁桃巴旦’‘桃巴旦1’聚为一组;‘大巴旦’‘Neplus’‘白薄’‘纸皮芽变’‘阿曼尼莎’‘厚壳甜巴旦’‘Mission’‘纸皮’‘麻壳’和‘Sonora’聚为一组。【结论】‘纸皮’‘纸皮芽变’‘麻壳’‘Sonora’和‘Mission’具有较多的优良栽培性状,在未来育种中可优先选为亲本。【Objective】Find out the diversity of phenotypic indexes of Xinjiang almonds,determine the breeding direction of the varieties,and screen out the excellent almond parent resources with better indexes.【Method】17 fruit indexes,8 leaf indexes and 22 flower indexes of 14 almond varieties and wild almond were measured,and conducted a significant analysis of the differences within the same indexes,correlation analysis between different indexes and cluster analysis among different varieties using SPSS 20 software.【Result】The correlation results reveled that the seed shell thickness was significantly positively correlated with the anther number,leaf area,leaf perimeter,leaf length,leaf width,petal diameter and chlorophyll content,but significantly negatively correlated with the ratio of stigma higher than anthers;The kernel quality was significantly positively correlated with the anther weight,ten core weight,ovary height,ovary width,fruit longitudinal diameter,seed longitudinal diameter,seed kernel longitudinal diameter,seed kernel transverse diameter,seed kernel lateral diameter,double flower ratio,flower bud quality,pollen vitality,fruit crack width,and petiole length,but significantly negatively correlated with corolla longitudinal diameter.The double kernel rate was significantly negatively correlated with the diameter of the corolla and the transverse diameter of the petals;kernel rate is significantly positively correlated with the ratio of the stigma higher than the anther,but significantly negatively correlated with the pedicel length.The clustering results showed that the wild almond,‘Peach almond 2’was respectively a group,‘Little peach almond’,‘Sweet kernel peach almond’,‘Peach almond 1’were a group,‘Big almond’,‘Neplus’,‘Baibo’,‘Zhipi bud mutation’,‘Amanisha’,‘Thick shell sweet almond’,‘Mission’,‘Zhipi’,‘Make’and‘Sonora’were a group.【Conclusion】‘Zhipi’‘Zhipi bud mutation’‘Make’‘Sonora’and‘Mission’own many excellent cul

关 键 词：新疆扁桃 表型指标 多样性 相关性 育种方向 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S662.9[农业科学—林学]