猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病综合防治技术研究  

Study on Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment Techniques of Kiwi Bacterial Ulcer Disease

作　　者：方毅[1] 杨正容 毕勇 李小春 胡艳波 刘湘林[1] FANG Yi;YANG Zheng-rong;BI Yong(Hubei Three Gorges Vocational and Technical College,Yichang,Hubei 443000;Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural affairs,Wufeng,Hubei 443413;Changyang Tujia Autonomous County Forestry Bureau,Changyang,Hubei 443500)

机构地区：[1]湖北三峡职业技术学院,湖北宜昌443000 [2]五峰土家族自治县农业农村局,湖北五峰443413 [3]长阳土家族自治县林业局,湖北长阳443500

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第10期140-143,148,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目“鄂西(宜昌)山区猕猴桃丰产优质栽培示范”。

摘　　要：从种苗选用、建园技术、抗溃管理、农药防治4方面,对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的综合防治技术进行了总结:(1)苗木检疫和组培育苗,可解决苗木不带病菌的问题;在抗溃理论指导下,选育出抗溃砧、穗育苗才是解决问题的最佳途径。(2)建园时起高垄和多埋施有机物,使园中不积水和大幅提高土壤有机质,创造有利于树体生长的生态环境。(3)在重施有机肥、增施磷钾肥、控施氮肥的施肥原则下合理施肥,控制初果期15 t/hm^(2)左右、盛果期30~45 t/hm^(2)的适宜载果量,可从保证猕猴桃树体健康上抑制溃疡病。(4)分别于芽膨大和展叶后使用石硫合剂和波尔多液进行预防;农药防治上以农用链霉素、土霉素、四霉素、铜制剂为主,以乙蒜素、中生菌、春雷霉素、代森锰锌、代森铵、代森锌等为辅,药剂的合理复配能起到增效作用;重点抓住采收后至落叶前、芽膨大至开花后、秋季雨季来临前3个防治时期,采用刮除病斑后涂药、树干注射和叶面喷药的施药方法,几种施药方法配合使用防治效果更佳。This paper summarizes the comprehensive prevention and control techniques of kiwi bacterial ulcer disease from the aspects of seedling selection,garden construction technology,anti-collapse management and pesticide control:(1)Seedling quarantine and group breeding seedlings can solve the problem of no pathogens in seedlings;under the guidance of anti-collapse theory,breeding the anti-cracking anvil and earing seedlings is the best way to solve the problem.(2)During the construction of the garden,high ridges and multiple organic matter are planted,so that there is no water in the garden and the soil organic matter is greatly improved,creating an ecological environment conducive to the growth of the trees.(3)Rational fertilization under the principle of re-application of organic fertilizer,application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,and application of nitrogen fertilizer,control the suitable fruit load of 15 t/hm^(2) in the initial fruiting period and 30-45 t/hm^(2) in the fruiting period,which can guarantee the kiwifruit tree health inhibition of ulcer disease.(4)Prevention of sulphur mixture and Bordeaux mixture after bud enlargement and leaf expansion;pesticide control is mainly based on agricultural streptomycin,oxytetracycline,tetramycin,and copper.It is supplemented with allicin,Zhongsheng,Chunleimycin,Mancozeb,Daisenium,and Daisen,the rational compounding of the pharmacy can play a synergistic effect;focus on the three prevention and treatment periods from harvesting to defoliation,bud swelling to flowering,and autumn rainy season.Applying methods of applying medicine,trunk injection and foliar spray after scraping the lesions,the control effect is the best when several application methods work together.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 细菌性溃疡病 综合防治 

分 类 号：S436.634.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]