自然和工程措施条件下吹填土壤脱盐过程模拟  

Simulation of desalination process in dredger fill soil under natural and engineering measures

作　　者：李山[1] 王倩[1] 仵苗 方伟 张虎平 杨冠川 李静思[1] Li Shan;Wang Qian;Wu Miao;Fang Wei;Zhang Huping;Yang Guanchuan;Li Jingsi(State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;China Communications Group Shanghai Waterway Survey and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200120,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]中交上海航道勘察设计研究院有限公司,上海200120

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第6期91-98,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51909209);西安理工大学博士启动金(104/256081803);台州东部新区月湖压盐排碱工程吹填区排盐技术研究(104/441219039)。

摘　　要：为探明滩涂围垦区吹填土壤在自然和工程措施条件下的脱盐过程、脱盐速率及脱盐历时,该研究以浙江台州东部新区涂面整理区为例,采用在田间水文模型DRAINMOD基础上开发的DRAINMOD-S模型研究了该区域吹填土自然和不同工程措施(集雨措施、生物措施及不同暗管排水措施组合)条件下的脱盐过程。结果表明DRAINMOD-S模型能够较好的模拟出吹填土的水文变化过程和盐分淋洗过程:预测的地下水位埋深变化与实测值变化范围与趋势基本一致,其平均偏差为-3.40 cm,平均绝对偏差为6.90 cm,均方根误差为8.60 cm,相关系数为0.79;土壤盐分模拟值与实测值的平均偏差为-0.08 g/L,平均绝对偏差为0.20 g/L,均方根误差为0.24 g/L,相关系数为0.91;吹填土盐分在自然降雨和现状规划河道排水的作用下整体呈缓慢下降的趋势,年平均脱盐速率为0.45 g/L左右,土壤达到脱盐标准的时间约为27 a;该研究提出的工程措施能够极大缩短吹填土的脱盐进程,可将年平均脱盐速率提高至0.73~1.80 g/L,脱盐历时缩短到3~13 a。结果可为类似围海造陆工程规划设计、盐分治理、土地利用规划管理、生态环境重构等前期预测分析工作提供支持。Land reclamation has become an important way to take land from the sea or wetlands,in order to create much more living space in over-crowded coastal areas.However,there is serious soil salinization of hydraulic fill,where most offshore sediments are added into the surrounding seawater with a generally high salt content.The hydraulic fill project also causes the groundwater discharge path to be extended.These impacts have posed a great challenge on the efficiency of investment and the speed of ecological environmental recovery.Therefore,it is very necessary to accurately predict the desalination process,rate and duration for land use planning and ecological environment restoration in reclaiming coastal areas.Taking the coating finishing project in the eastern new area of Taizhou in Eastern China as a research area,a DRAINMOD-S model was extended to the simulation and prediction of natural desalination process in hydraulic reclamation.The hydrological and desalination process in the model were calibrated using the hydrological and salt data from the regional monitoring points after one year of reclamation.Two modes were selected to implement the field test,including the natural desalination and the specific desalination process under comprehensive control measures.In natural desalination,the salt of dredger fill under the rainfall was discharged from the soil along the drainage into the nearby river.In specific desalination,the comprehensive treatments were mainly composed of the water conservancy,supplemented by biological control measures,thereby to speed up the output of salt.The results show that the DRAINMOD-S model better simulated the hydrological process and the salt leaching of hydraulic fill.The variation of groundwater level was basically consistent with the measured value.Specifically,the average deviation was-3.40 cm,while the average absolute deviation was 6.90 cm,and the root mean square error was 8.60 cm and the correlation coefficient was 0.79,as well as,the average deviation of soil salt concentra

关 键 词：模型 土壤 DRAINMOD-S 脱盐速率 脱盐历时 盐分控制措施 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程]