稀有轻金属铍及其合金的应用进展  

Progress in Application of Rare Light Metal Beryllium and Its Alloys

作　　者：郑莉芳[1] 王晓刚 岳丽娜 黄俊忠 钟景明 Zheng Lifang;Wang Xiaogang;Yue Lina;Huang Junzhong;Zhong Jingming(School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and control Technology,School of chemical and Environmental Engineering,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Yanjiao 065201,China;State Key Laboratory of Special Rare Metal Materials,Northuest Rare Metal Materials Research Institute,Shizuishan 753000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083 [2]华北科技学院化学与环境工程学院河北省危险化学品安全与控制技术重点实验室,河北燕郊065201 [3]西北稀有金属材料研究院稀有金属特种材料国家重点实验室,宁夏石嘴山753000

出　　处：《稀有金属》2021年第4期475-483,共9页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11875003);国家重点研究开发计划重大项目(2016YFC0802905)资助。

摘　　要：铍是一种具有优异核性能和物理性能的稀有轻金属,密度低、比刚度高、比强度大、热性能优异,常作为功能和结构材料应用于许多重要领域,其合金具有独特的机械性能、物理性能和良好的加工性能,是高科技领域的重要材料。本文综述了铍及其合金在核能、高能物理、国防及航空航天和商业等众多关键领域的最新应用进展。在核能领域,铍及氧化铍常用作核反应堆的反射体材料或减速剂;在高能物理领域,世界各国均将铍作为粒子加速器中束流管/窗口的最佳制作材料;在国防及航空航天领域,铍是惯性导航系统最理想的结构材料,由铍作为主材的惯性器件具有最高的导航精度,铍及其合金应用于飞行器结构件上,可有效减小构件重量、降低发射成本,铍及铍铝合金良好的光学性能和机械性能,使其成为光学系统中镜体和支撑结构的首选材料;在商业领域中,铍振膜的应用使音响品质显著提升。本文通过铍及其合金在促进其应用领域技术进步和改进产品性能中所发挥的重要作用,说明其作为"战略性、关键性"工程材料所起到的关键支撑,进而分析了我国在铍及其合金的研究生产现状,展望了其发展前景。本文将有助于科技人员对铍及其合金应用的全面认识,使其进入更多领域发挥独特作用。Beryllium was a light rare metal with excellent nuclear and physical properties.It had low density,high specific stiffness,high specific strength and excellent thermal properties.As a kind of functional and structural materials,beryllium was widely used in many important areas.Its alloys were important materials in many high-tech fields because of their unique mechanical and physical properties and good processing properties.This paper reviewed recent application progress of beryllium and its alloys in the field of nuclear energy,high-energy physics,national defense and aerospace,and commercial applications.In the field of nuclear energy,beryllium metal became an important reflection of nuclear weapons and the reactor material and deceleration owing to its outstanding nuclear performance.Beryllium oxide had more excellent nuclear performance,whose neutron scattering cross section and the reduction ratio were higher than those of beryllium and graphite,which could reflect and decelerate neutrons effectively.Compared with beryllium,the high temperature irradiation stability of beryllium oxide was good.It still had a high mechanical strength at high temperature and thermal conductivity,which made it more suitable for the reflector,the moderator of the reactor and nuclear fuel dispersion agent.In the field of high-energy physics,beryllium had become the ideal material for beam tube in accelerators all over the world due to its low density,high strength,good thermal properties,non-magnetic properties and corrosion resistance.In the field of national defense and aerospace,beryllium is the most ideal structural material for inertial navigation system.As the main material,beryllium had the highest navigation accuracy,and was widely used in the field of inertial navigation for strategic missiles,fighter jets,carrier rockets,civil aviation and nuclear submarines.In addition,beryllium materials possessed superior mechanical properties such as high specific stiffness and high strength while maintaining their original charact

关 键 词：铍 铍合金 核能 高能物理 国防及航空航天 

分 类 号：TG146.24[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]