铜阳极泥分铜液高效分离稀散金属碲  

Efficient Separation of Rare Metal Tellurium in Copper-Rich Solution from Copper Anode Slime

作　　者：张金池 张福元 赵卓 徐亮 Zhang Jinchi;Zhang Fuyuan;Zhao Zhuo;Xu Liang(School of Metallurgical Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Ma'anshan 243032,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学冶金工程学院,安徽马鞍山243032

出　　处：《稀有金属》2021年第3期312-321,共10页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U1703130);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51704011)资助。

摘　　要：以铜阳极泥硫酸化焙烧-酸浸脱铜所得分铜液为研究对象,采用原位还原制得高活性、细微粒海绵铜作为还原剂,在线高效沉淀分离稀散元素碲、协同去除部分有害元素砷,考察了反应温度、反应时间、还原剂过量系数、搅拌速度和氧化剂加入量等因素对碲、砷沉淀率的影响。结果表明,在反应温度95℃、反应时间2 h、还原剂过量系数3、搅拌速度250 r·min^(-1)和未添加氧化剂的优化条件下,碲的沉淀率达85.02%,砷的沉淀率为19.18%。还原渣的主要成分为Cu,Te,As和Se,含量分别为45.93%,15.34%,4.61%和2.69%(质量分数),贵金属Au,Ag,Pt和Pd的总含量为211.0 g·t^(-1),X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明产物的主要物相组成为Cu_(2-x)Te和FeAsO_(4),此外还出现了Te和Cu的衍射峰。该工艺过程简单、环境友好、成本低廉,对分铜液的综合利用具有一定理论价值和实际意义。Copper anode slime was vital secondary source that contains many metals with high value,such as gold,silver,platinum,palladium,selenium and tellurium. It was usually used as an important raw material to extract rare and precious metals and also attract considerable attention by metallurgical industry. The treatment process of copper anode slime mainly included pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy and combination of pyro and hydrometallurgy. However,no matter which treatment process was adopted,the copper-rich solution containing valuable elements of tellurium,gold,platinum and palladium would be obtained in the metallurgical process. How to efficiently recover rare and precious metals from the copper-rich solution had become an urgent problem in metallurgical industry.Relationship diagrams between the forms of Te(Ⅳ),As(V),As(Ⅲ)and pH value were respectively drawn by calculation according to the thermodynamic data,and the speciation of Te(Ⅳ),As(V)and As(Ⅲ)in the copper-rich solution were analyzed. Based on the Nernst equation,the actual electrode potentials of important metal ions in the copper-rich solution were calculated. High-activity and fine-particle sponge copper was obtained by in-situ reduction method,which was used as a reducing reagent to effectively precipitate rare metal of tellurium and remove part of the harmful element of arsenic from the copper-rich solution. The reaction mechanism of insitu reduction was studied by depicting the potential-pH diagram of the Te-H2O system according to thermodynamic calculation. The effects of various factors on the precipitation efficiency of Te,As and precious metals of Au,Pt and Pd were investigated referring to the precipitation efficiency of Te. Amplification experiments were carried out under the optimal conditions,and the chemical composition and the crystal structures of the reduction residue were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF)and X-ray diffraction(XRD),respectively. The results of thermodynamic analysis showed that Te(Ⅳ),As(Ⅴ)and As(

关 键 词：铜阳极泥 分铜液 稀散金属 碲 砷 

分 类 号：TF843[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]